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Early-life experience affects individuals' lifelong development in various domains. In this research, we examine how early-life experience affects adolescents' prosocial behavior using a large-scale survey among 2,975 Chinese senior high school students (47.6% boys, M_age = 16.12 years). We operationalize disadvantaged early-life experience as having unpredictable and resource-scarce environments, and distant parent-child relationships in childhood. Findings suggest that disadvantaged early-life experience negatively predicts adolescents' self-reported prosocial behavior and prosociality in a resource allocation task. Moreover, this observed relation between early-life experience and prosocial behavior is explained by Honesty-Humility and dispositional trust. Specifically, adolescents who experience more unpredictability, resource scarcity, and distant parent-child relationships during childhood display …