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While iconic memory has been studied for over 50 years, very little is know about its neural basis. In part, this is due to the difficulty of studying neural correlates of a memory storage that has brief lifetime (requiring fast neuroimaging techniques) and high capacity (requiring precise imaging methods). Here, we take a rather indirect approach to investigate the neural basis of iconic memory. In the first voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study, we investigated which neural structures correlated with iconic memory capacity and we observed that people with larger grey matter volume in the calcarine sulcus could report more information from iconic memory. In a second study employing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we found that people with higher GLX concentration (glutamate/glutamine) in primary and secondary visual cortex seemed to have higher iconic memory capacity. As both these studies are …