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Almost since the beginning of standardized psychological testing, differences between racial or ethnic groups have intrigued researchers. However, until the mid‐1960s hardly any research had been carried out regarding the actual methods used in personnel selection in terms of bias and fairness for ethnic subgroups. Even Guion's classical handbook of personnel selection contains only two pages on “racial discrimination”, not referring to any research whatsoever. Although at the time cognitive tests in particular were criticized and accused of putting ethnic minorities at a disadvantage, it seems that only the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) triggered research in this area in the USA. From then on, a rapid growth of research on bias and fairness in personnel selection can be seen, going hand in hand with a steady development and sophistication of research methods. Classical publications such as …