Derek M Johnson, Andrew M Liebhold, Patrick C Tobin, Ottar N Bjørnstad

2006/11/16

Nature

444

7117

361

Nature Publishing Group

Abstract Biological invasions pose considerable threats to the world's ecosystems and
cause substantial economic losses. A prime example is the invasion of the gypsy moth in the
United States, for which more than $194 million was spent on management and monitoring
between 1985 and 2004 alone. The spread of the gypsy moth across eastern North America
is, perhaps, the most thoroughly studied biological invasion in the world, providing a unique
opportunity to explore spatiotemporal variability in rates of spread. Here we describe ...