Ms. Glenn (all names are pseudonyms), an experienced preschool teacher, just read aloud
the text Veterinarians (Ready, 1997) and now observes three students in the dramatic play
center, which is currently arranged as the" Superstars VeterinarianClinic." Damian reports ...

Before analyzing the texts that EC teachers read aloud, we must first define informational
genres and explain why we believe these texts provide unique benefits to students.
Although reading to young students is a common and often routine aspect of EC ...

... classroom libraries and choosing quality informational texts that you can use with all ... Text in the
K-3 Classroom: Supporting Motivation and Achievement; (2) Including Informational Text in the ...
3) Choosing Informational Books for the Classroom; (4) Using Informational Books for ...

... include informational text, assign informational writing, organize research groups that use texts
as one resource, teach with and about informational text, pair informational text with nar- rative
selections and content area textbooks, and display informational materials in ...

... Indeed, the work of Robinson, Larsen, Haupt, & Mohlman (1997) revealed that when given
opportunities to choose books, preschool and kindergarten children select familiar books ... Use
as the literature of reading instruction. ... Sharing informational text with young children 413 ...

... time to begin for- mal comprehension instruction and that prior to that an interactive use of
informational texts may support ... thought of as comprehen- sion acquisition, which would foster
conceptual development, comprehension strategy forma- tion, and text structure familiarity ...

... The interactive information book read-aloud is best used to serve a particular period
(comprehension acquisition) and a particular ... Beyond the independent-level text: Readability
of first graders self-selections. ... 3.6 minutes per day: The scarcity of informational texts in first grade. ...

... In most studies of preschool children's vocabulary growth from participation in read-aloud events,
the texts selected for ... Few of the texts used in these studies were nonfiction books. ... Until recently,
informational texts have not been as common in home and classroom libraries. ...

... 158 Exhibit 5.1 Number of Years Children Attended Preprimary Education (Preschool,
Kindergarten, and Other Similar Programs) . . . . ... 212 Exhibit 6.9 Trends in Teachers' Use
of Literary and Informational Texts for Reading Instruction . . . . . ...

... DUKE, N. (2000). 3.6 minutes per day: The scarcity of informational texts in first grade. ... FREDE,
E. (1998). Preschool program quality in programs for children in poverty. ... Effects of use of metro
dailies on the knowledge gap in small towns. Journalism Quarterly, 64, 329–336. ...

... A study by Duke (1998) provided empirical confirmation of the scarcity of informational text in
the ear- ly grades. ... The results of this study documented that in December, the children's pretend
readings of unfamiliar wordless expository text contained far greater use of key ...

... economically disadvantaged and eco- nomically advantaged children that begins in preschool
and persists ... much less dependent on specific terms used by au- thors than informational texts
used in sci ... Teachers also model the use of new and sophisticated words and, along with ...

... 3-year-old children made of books in their sociodramatic play in both preschool and home ... a)
bring their own life experiences to bear in interpreting texts and (b) use texts to understand ... An
intertextual perspective suggests that any giv- en text may be interpreted within the matrix ...

... Teach- ing children about text through hands-on use, demonstration, and explanation can promote
literacy development. Page 7. 7 ... These are usually for grades K–2, but in some cases they are
appropriate for preschoolers. ... 2000. Sharing informational text with young children. ...

... Duke (1998) found little inclusion of informational text in first grade classrooms she studied. ... The
children's repeated readings were analyzed for evidence of strategies used to acquire
characteristic ... that young children are able to interact successfully with expository forms of text. ...

... And, from Pellegrini's (1990, 1991) research, we are aware that informational texts may have
greater ... careers, from their beginning use during comprehension acquisition to their later use in
comprehension instruction, give clear indications that such texts can be ...

... To that end, this author explored the extent to which 20 first graders were able to orally retell the
informational trade book, How Kittens Grow (Selsam, 1973), and what ... In fact, teachers themselves
note that they are less familiar with expository text and sel- dom use it with their ...

... How might we prepare to teach reading/thinking strategies through literature and short
informational texts? ... supports the children by suggesting strategies and helping the children use
those strategies. ... Shared writing---The children help plan the text and tell the teacher what and ...

... Both instructional programs used two types of text: (a) informational books from ... As the lessons
progressed, the students were also reminded to try and use clue words in other situations and
with other content. ... Following the introduction of the text, the students read the text aloud. ...

... Greeting cards Informational text Messages Adult books Children's books Individual sentences
Names Individual words ... more familiar with the functions and fea- tures of the genres used, they
may ... that even young children can make connections between dif- ferent texts and that ...

... fact and fiction so teachers can take full advantage of this type of motivating text as read-aloud ...
attention to the functions of author's notes, references, and features that can be used to help ...
teachers can take advantage of the mixture of fact and fiction in informational storybooks to ...

... classroom teachers. ... We want in struction that will help children learn to use prior knowledge
effectively to make specific connections to text, and teaching strategies that will help them navigate
multiple genres of text about which they may have limited background knowledge. ...

... Preservice teachers, trained and guided by scripted procedures, read 2 informational storybooks
to students ... to questions, repeat factual information, and recite parts of the text in chorus ... but not
comprehension were significantly greater for children with readers who used the de ...

... Duke suggested several strategies for addressing the scarcity of informational texts in elementary
classrooms as a way of equalizing reading achievement ... The instrument has been established
as reliable (ELLCO Technical Re- port, 2002) for use in preschool classrooms. ...

... Texts (narrative and informational) that include characters, events, and/or settings ... I and II). San
Mateo, CA: Aguirre International. Page 180. 1O. SELECTION AND USE OF ENGLISH TEXTS
171 Rehnman, M.(1989), The clay flute. Stockholm: R & S Books. Reyes, M.(1991). ...

... effect relationships; dis- cussing how, why, and what-if questions about informational texts;
responding to ... are able to understand more complex concepts and lan- guage from texts that are ...
accept the various forms of writ- ing that kindergartners typically use (scribble, random ...

... preschoolers' emerging knowledge of information book language? ... questions and have the benefit
of allow- ing for direct comparison between their findings and those with other kinds of
informational texts.Therefore, I replicated as closely as possible the methods used in that ...

... children's literature, including poems, fairy tales, picture books, alphabet books, fables,
informational books, holiday ... their communicative devices and by the recording of repeated or
predictable text on a ... loop tape using a tape player adapted for assistive switch use (Pierce &c ...

... High-quality narrative and informational literature provides the basis for a consistent read ... reading
instruction with alternative models, several do evaluate the use of literature in ... literature-based
reading instruction and early literacy development, expository text, and motivation to ...

... 5Oyler (1993) and Oyler and Barry (1993) provide many other examples of initiations as
transactions to informational books. ... as a human, cultural activity that is socially structured (having
a particular sequence of actions, and so forth), the talk or text being used to perform ...

... about 100 books at any one time, frequently changed titles as themes changed, and used the
resources of a ... narratives, predictable books, and song- books, the libraries here typically displayed
many examples of expository and informational texts. ... Figure 1. Time spent with text. ...

... and (d) Are there qualitative differences in the children's use of cohesive choices to develop literate
register texts that align ... chil- dren were very familiar with storybooks, were regularly and frequently
read to at home, and had favorite story and/or informational books. ...

... to our understanding of preschool teachers' use of inferential questions during informational book
reading, and how these may be associated with features of the text itself and ... The aims were
fourfold: (1) to describe preschool teachers' use of inferential questions during ...

... strategies for the classroom which build upon, rather than conflict with, the practices they already
use and value ... Long-term effects of preschool teachers' book readings on low- income children's
vocabulary and story ... An examination of the informational text genre in basal readers ...

... write for brief (eg, writing in response or reading logs) and extended (eg, writing sto- ries or
informational texts) periods of ... Students complete reading worksheets to use these skills. ... Teachers
model compre- hension skills and literary analyses in conjunction with the text reading. ...

... Although aware- ness of the need to use a variety of genres in the elementary grades ... 1999) found,
with few exceptions, that children produced more complex stories and informational texts in
response to their more highly scaffolded task (write a familiar text) than for ...

... It is presently unknown whether teacher use of books that feature higher levels of print-salient ...
it is embedded in illustrations or when the font changes noticeably in the body of the text. Indeed,
eye-gaze studies confirm that preschoolers spend more time fixating on print that is ...

... areas of interest, such as trains, and may be highly motivated to listen to informational texts on
the ... Major Achievements in the Skilled Reading Stage The term skilled reading is used here to
reflect the period when students can "derive meaning from printed text accurately and ...

... Children's language reflected the rhythms of the poetic books and the informational discourse
suggested by the ... crafting of the text do children focus on when responding to various text types ...
What approaches or stances - ie, types of talk or strategies - did children use to interpret ...

... The following books were selected for use in the study: Title Author ... These texts were representative
of the following attributes: • Gender (male and female characters) • Genre (fanciful and realistic
fiction, informational and bio- graphical nonfiction, and poetry) • Ethnicity (Anglo ...

... Full-Text Availability Options ... It is suggested that, at the preschool level, children can be supported
in their ability to make inferences about stories read aloud ... Additionally, questions focused on
informational and evaluative inferences serve to further enhance story comprehension ...

... Development: The Important Preschool Years ... Some authors of informational texts make it a point
to use artificially enhanced contexts to facilitate word learning. If new words are defined
appropriately in the selection, they may not need to be discussed beforehand. ...

... Focusing on this core content will ensure that instructional time is being used optimally to promote
children's academic readiness ... large groups and small groups, with little books and Big Books,
and using a variety of texts, including 12 ... storybooks, informational books, and poetry ...

... Pellgerini, Galda, Jones, and Perlmutter (1995) investigated how mothers and their Head Start
children shared two types of informational books: a book ... Books Used Books were selected by
the teachers and me to sustain interest over repeated readings and for text features of ...

... professional knowledge that jointly support - , „ _. . .. . necessary tor planning an errective
preschool language and ... grasped the gram- mar rules of their language and increasingly use
language for ... in control of oral language • Relies heavily on pictures in text • Pretend reads ...

... In four case studies Read (2001) investigated the collaborative writing of pairs of first-and
second-grade children writing informational books using source texts. ... Cox (1994) argues that
the first graders in her study used talk to control the text's content by checking meaning and ...

... of course are narrative texts, the latter two are non-narrative texts or informational books. ... Golden
and Gerber (1990) point out, in shared storybook reading, parents and children use "a variety ...
It would also seem to follow that teachers regularly share non-narrative texts with their ...

... Initial highly interactive readings with very young preschoolers gradually give way to more parental
reading of longer chunks of text with less interpretation (eg, Sulzby & ... Each student met individually
with one of the researchers and was given a text not otherwise used in the ...

... use of informa- tional texts with a multi-age, team-taught preschool class in ... Both classroom
teachers (Veronica and Gina) were advocates of integrating information literacy into the ... texts,
children recognize text fea- tures and develop the ability to use informational text features. ...

... by Ann Morris (1990) Pretend soup and other real recipes: A cookbook for preschoolers and
up ... Learning to understand, use, and appreciate these features may be a challenge, but, as ... At
the same time, many believe that no text, including informational text, is without perspective ...

... must be actively involved in making connections among text segments and filling in informational
gaps within ... inferential com- prehension stated they had never before realized that they could
use their own knowledge and ex- perience as the basis for understanding text. ...

... Pub Types: Guides - Classroom - Teacher; Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive. ... by reading
aloud paired nonfiction and fiction text sets, explaining: why nonfiction is so important; how to
teach children how nonfiction works; how to carry out a paired text read-aloud; and how to ...

... We observed the ways in which the teachers used the activities and also the reactions of the ... 20
first-grade classrooms across 10 different school districts, found a scarcity of informational texts
in all ... It is likely that this lack of experience with exposi- tory text contributes to the fourth ...

... Several of the preschool teachers and mothers asked the child directly to compare his or her ... a
learning experience for the children which is similar to a strategy frequently used in school ... genres
on the same topic, for example, a poem, a fairytale and an informational text about a ...

... grades, expository text demands in- crease as children are exposed to content-area texts (ie,
sci- ence and math) in the curriculum, informational tradebooks, and ... The EECA is not meant to
be used as an all-encompassing ex- pository text–comprehension assessment, but it ...

... Record Details - EJ598123. Title: The Social Studies Classroom on the
Eve of the Cyber Century. Full-Text Availability Options: ...

... Invited guests can use this chair to present information to the class. ... A preschool classroom library
should offer five to eight books per child, with books ranging across three to ... material we read
is nonfiction; for this reason, children need a lot of experience with informational text. ...

... The genre perspective on language and literacy use supports a multi-genre perspective on literacy ...
format of toy advertisements and one based on the unfamiliar format of informational trade books ...
of mothers' and children's utterances dur- ing readings of the two text formats. ...

... Page 5. happen next in an informational text. ... Beck, IL, & MG McKeown. 2001. Text talk: Captur-
ing the benefits of read-aloud experiences for young children. The Reading Teacher 55 (1):
10-20. ... However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

... Summary, 133 CHAPTER 9. Prekindergarten in Action 134 Introduction, 134 The Preschool
Curriculum, 135 ... strategies for understanding the meaning of vari- ous kinds of texts, and the ... We
use this information to make recommendations about selecting children for an early lit ...

... Preschool children are more likely to adopt imaginative modes of response in responding to
fantasy ... or hypothe- ses; (b) relating these questions/hypotheses to relevant aspects in the text
and their ... They may also use informal writing as a tool to as- sist students in formulating ...

... a day, but there was no sanctioned period in which children could read or re-enact the texts. ... These
four teachers typically used a broad range of literature. ... from various genres including realistic
fiction, folk and fairy tales, historical fiction, poetry, and informational or nonfiction ...

... 1986; Rosenhouse, Feitelson, Kita, & Goldstein, 1997), and the reading aloud of informational
text may increase ... Effects of listening to series stories on first graders' comprehension and use
of language. ... The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. ...

... In a preschool classroom, the teacher typically crafts printed drawings at the beginning of ... exposes
the children to multiple genres, such as personal narratives, informational texts, personal letters ...
Students' having opportunities to use oral language to talk about their experiences ...

... ERIC Full Text (868K ... evident that affective factors are an important dimension of the
teaching/learning process and that the ways in which teachers respond to students and classroom
situations relate ... Appendix A details the instrumentation used in measuring the affective domain ...

... Informational ti- tles addressing a wide range of topics are becoming increasingly common. ...
SUMMARY Nonfiction trade books have enormous potential as a complement to the text- books
that ... the books found in this genre, they are better able to select books for classroom use. ...

... of active and interactive application (eg, cooking with recipes, creating informational charts),
listening ... children with CP in applying basic phonological skills in analyzing and synthesizing
texts. ... eye-gaze boards and multimessage, voice output devices, and she used these AAC ...

... In preschool, the motivational-emotional profiles were almost the same among the three
prospective reading ... are essentially based on self-reports, a method that is difficult to use with
young ... Successful word decoding and text comprehension demand sustained concentration. ...

... Duke, NK, Bennett-Armistead, VS, & Roberts, EM (2002). Incorporating informational text
in the pri- mary grades. ... Meyer, BJF, Brandt, DM, & Bluth, GJ (1980). Use of top-level structure
in text: Key for reading compre- hension of ninth-grade students. ...

... Part 2, Foundations for Literacy Development, contains: (12) Preschoolers' Developing Ownership
of the ... Zhihui Fang, and Beverly White Otto); (13) Learning to Read Words: Linguistic ... Learning
(Rand J. Spiro); (25) Building Representations of Informational Text: Evidence From ...

... She occasionally wrote expository (informational) text. In one such text she explained that the
President of the United States lived in Washington, DC. ... Edelsky observed that the first-and
second-grade students used code-switching in Spanish text deliber- Page 279. ...

... Book reading in preschool classrooms: Is recommended practice common ? ... the predominant
genre of texts selected for reading to children, a strong case has been made for expanding the
use of informational ... 3.6 minutes per day: The scarcity of informational texts in first grade . ...

... Balanced Literacy Program 61 6 Working with Narrative Texts 70 7 Informational Texts 84 8 ...
consistently models effective reading skills, strategies, and behaviors and engages children in
their use. ... In addition, the whole, continuous text enables children to see how all aspects of ...

... Layer texts for various ... Learning to read and write may be extremely chal- lenging and difficult
for 1. Children with a history of preschool language impairment. ... there are indica- tors outside
the normal range, such as severe delay in pronunciation accu- racy and use of complex ...

... PERSPECTIVE 297 on a leafy branch had been placed, along with books (mostly informational
ones) and ... Latoya turned the book around, pointing to the names in the text, and asked," How
do you ... put down some of the" Black talk" in the Cotton book." This author used talk like ...

... alphabet, engaging in phonemic awareness activities, and listening to stories and informational
texts read aloud to them. They also should be reading texts (both out loud and silently), and writing
letters ... Children learn to use these relationships to decode words that contain them ...

... Subsequently, the emergent literacy de velopment of preschoolers became part of the family
literacy program ... in the early grades?parents will be impressed with the variety of informational
text they can ... The Table illustrates a list of books, classified by genre, used recently in the ...

... The type of scaffolding appropriate for informational stories (for example The Carrot Seed [Krauss,
1945 ... of fictional texts like picture storybooks of traditional tales, which are the texts used in this ...
Thus, teachers turn the “potential text” of the book into a “realized text” (Golden & ...

... In an analysis of the five most widely used basals in K-3 classrooms, Walsh ... further research, this
review points to several directions for improvement in the development of informational text. ... or
informative contexts can raise the number of words learned as students read the text ...

... found that teachers in low-SES classrooms spent minimal time (about 1.9 minutes per day)
encouraging students to use informational texts. ... there has been limited to no increase over the
past 15 years in the quantity of informational text that US preschoolers are exposed to ...

... informational books on how to behave, such as Joy Berry's (1982) series: Let's Talk
About ... and expository texts for children on religious topics for use by the teachers and
children since she became affiliated with the center 14 years ago. ...

... incorporate the use of informational texts into the curriculum and to engage children in ... The
common experience of sharing powerful texts and subsequent engagement, reflection, and
discussion perme ... read them in advance; ● read from a variety of genres; ● use expression in ...

... That is, genres are classes of communicative events, whose contextual regularities give rise to
reg ... The first is the use of verbs of mental cognition (verbs of thinking, knowing ... inner” feelings,
intentions, and motivations, they rarely are found in adult informational texts, or most of ...

... We also limited our search to studies that used e-books with children in pre-K to ... treatment condition
in the study, a computerized presentation of a narrative story or informational text (in school ... a
book or text (eg, click to turn “pages”), and • includes an oral reading/text-to-speech ...

... who estab- lished more authentic reading and writing activities for informational and procedural ...
greater comprehension gains were observed when teachers engaged in text-structure instruction ...
provided visual imagery training, prompted children to activate and use prior knowl ...

... (informational and narrative) from five popular online sources for teachers and parents. ...
developmentally appropriate text and features as well as alignment with individual instructional ...
directions for use, and encourage use of beneficial digital features (eg, word pronunciations, ...

... When taking an efferent stance in reading or listening to informational text, the readers ... Students,
however, did have difficulty making personal connections to text before the intervention of ... Library
centers that promoted children's voluntary use of books were characterized by the ...

... Full-Text Availability Options: ... Abstract: A former eighth grade reading and writing teacher considers
how her experience in a classroom workshop for readers and ... Emphasizes providing children
with adequate time to read, choice of what to read, and opportunities to respond. ...

... more than informational texts in schools, this was not always the case in American education. ...
because most book reading research on vocabulary learning involves narrative texts. ... exposures
to words, elaboration of words during reading, use of a reading style that facilitates ...

... “Look at this nest!” The beauty and power of using informational books with ... Since writ- ing is a
social process widely used to communicate, developing audience awareness is central to ... students
could not always identify an intended audience for a particu- lar text they had written ...

... Narrative evidence based on classroom discourse and individual interviews with children confirms
that within ... The informational texts used in the latter set of studies were about a variety of topics ...
The current study extends this work through the use of methodology that allowed us ...

... In this section, I have analysed the manner in which the children used the interpersonal function
of ... the total number of messages produced by the four groups of dyads while reading the
informational and narrative picture books, including the reading of the written text. ...

... Classrooms include books in many genres, including narratives, stories, and informational texts.
5 Page 6. ... 2001). ELLM teachers use several strategies to teach vocabulary including the concept
wheel, list-group-label, text talk, picture walk, and word walls. ...

... is sustaining support from birth through childhood, rather than support only during the preschool
years ... historic insight: Most vocabulary is learned in context, either encountered in written text
or in ... classrooms have charts or books of “wonderful words” that children can use in their ...

... First, I recommend that parents look more carefully at what their preschool children understand
about reading ... Think broadly of activities that use reading or writing, not ... 241 Table 14-1. Reading
and writing Labels & Lists Directives Narratives and Informational Texts Routine, and ...

... Reading the same text aloud three or four times over the course of a week gives children an ... In
addition to variety in genres—including plenty of informational books, some of which are ... library
in- clude works of fiction and nonfiction that explicitly explore word use, word origins ...

... Teachers have traditionally used fictional literature in the classroom, but there is growing research
that nonfiction or informational literature are ... the amount of time they read aloud to children and the
amount of time they spend reading fiction compared to nonfiction text. ...

... Accession Number: 193246198. Full Text: This special section of Early Childhood Research
and Practice ... and materials but also facilitating the children's use of additional informational
resources about ... They became familiar with the use of the SmartBoard and an interactive Web ...

... In Tower's study (2002), preschool children responded to a variety of information books ... from
“all kinds of writing” (p. 29), which provide opportunities to refine use of various genre styles. ...
beginning readers who, when they switched from narrative to informational text, showed ...