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Who are the eligible non-recipients of child care subsidies?

CM Herbst - Children and Youth Services Review, 2008 - Elsevier
Given the highly devolved nature of the US child care subsidy system, recent studies have
devoted considerable attention to exploring family-level correlates of subsidy receipt.
However, most studies in this literature are limited in two respects. First, by focusing ...

Barriers to subsidies: Why low-income families do not use child care subsidies

AB Shlay, M Weinraub, M Harmon… - Social Science Research, 2004 - Elsevier
... Table 1. Child care subsidy recipient and non-recipient characteristics. Subsidy eligible
respondents. Receiving a subsidy, Not receiving subsidy, All respondents, t or χ 2, df. n=65,
n=131, n=196, Subsidy receipt. % With subsidy, 100%, 0%, 33%, —, —. Gender. ...

The determinants and consequences of child care subsidies for single mothers

D Blau… - 2003 - nber.org
... estimates that 12-15 percent of eligible families received a CCDF subsidy in 1998-99. We Page
13. ... We expect that subsidy recipients would have a higher employment rate than non- recipients,
since most child care subsidies are conditioned on employment or employment- ...

Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients

MK Meyers, T Heintze… - Demography, 2002 - Springer
... of children in the family because all the members of the sample were from the same state and
were thus eligible for the ... Non-Hispanic White (%) 18.14 –– ... were the targets of the recent expansion
of public child care subsidies: all were current or recent welfare recipients; all had ...

[PDF] Child care subsidy programs

D Blau - 2003 - nber.org
... few restrictions on the type or char- acteristics of child care arrangements eligible for subsidies ...
Another non-means-tested program not considered is military child care (US General Accounting ...
AFDC-CC subsidy was intended to facili- tate participation of welfare recipients in the ...

Child care subsidies and child development

CM Herbst… - Economics of Education Review, 2010 - Elsevier
... Indeed, unmarried mothers constitute 64 percent of eligible subsidy recipients (Herbst, 2008a). ...
the decision to participate in this early intervention program in is not influenced by child care
subsidies. 11 Rates of item non-response on the remaining child and family variables are ...

Changing policies, changing impacts: Employment and earnings of child-care subsidy recipients in the era of welfare reform

M Queralt, AD Witte… - Social Service Review, 2000 - JSTOR
... also separated the budget for subsidized child care into two main parts, one reserved exclusively
for cash recipients and former recipients and the other portion reserved for families at risk of
becoming dependent on welfare and for other non- welfare, ''income-eligible'' families. ...

Subsidizing child care: How child care subsidies affect the child care used by low-income African American families

M Weinraub, AB Shlay, M Harmon… - Early Childhood Research …, 2005 - Elsevier
... While the information on the frequency of subsidy uptake among eligible families is useful ... than
they would without these subsidies, and whether the care that subsidy recipients use is ... directly
observe the quality of the care that the subsidized and non-subsidized families received ...

[PDF] The determinants and consequences of child care subsidy receipt by low-income families

D Blau… - Joint Center for Poverty Research Working …, 2001 - ipr.northwestern.edu
... subsidies under a variety of different programs, and assuming that the non-recipients still had
relatively low income they were also likely to have been categorically eligible for a ... estimate a
probit model explaining whether the mother received a child care subsidy conditional on ...

Single mothers working at night: Standard work and child care subsidies

E Tekin - Economic Inquiry, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
... are subsidy recipients and column 6 displays the means for standard workers who are
non-recipients. ... nonstandard workers, which would make it harder for them to be eligible for welfare. ...
subsidy recipients are much more likely to be on welfare than nonrecipients, 30.5% versus ...

Take-up rates and trade offs after the age of entitlement: Some thoughts and empirical evidence for child care subsidies

AD Witte… - 2002 - nber.org
... care eligibility based on hours of work18 (minimum required 20 hours per week), earnings from
UI records,19 participation in approved non-work activities (eg, education ... 44% to 53% of eligible
current and former cash assistance recipients received child care ...

Child care and mothers' employment decisions

PM Anderson… - 1999 - nber.org
... care, and those paying spend an averageof $57 per week But historically most welfare recipients ...
eligible for any ongoing programs through which they would normally be eligible to receive ... A
substantial body of research has used data generated in a non-experimental setting ...

Unintended consequences? Welfare reform and the working poor

AD Witte, M Queralt, T Chipty… - 1998 - nber.org
... Dade County Income- Eligible Subsidy Files ... Availability of Low-Skill Jobs Employment Growth
Rates in (1) Non-durable Manufacturing, (2) Retail & Wholesale Trade, (3 ... Fixed Effects A Set
of 22 Community Specific Binaries Equal to One if the Subsidy Recipient Resides in the ...

[PDF] Child care subsidies promote mothers' employment and children's development

C Henry, M Werschkul, MC Rao… - … http://www. iwpr. org/pdf/ G, 2003 - cityoforlando.net
... of early 2003, California had a waiting list with over 200,000 eligible children on it ... child care
payments increases employment duration for both welfare recipients and non-welfare recipient ...
Former welfare recipients with young children are 60 percent more likely to stay employed ...

Arranging child care

EE Kisker… - The Future of Children, 1997 - JSTOR
... average weekly child care expens- es were much lower for poor than for non- poor employed ...
mothers (many of whom have low incomes and are likely to be eligible for child ... may lead states
to tailor their child care assistance more specifically for welfare recipients, although the ...

The performance of the child-care subsidy system

MK Meyers… - Social Service Review, 1999 - JSTOR
... Preschool pro- grams were potentially available for income-eligible children between the ages
of 3 and 5 through the ... Non-GAIN Educa- tion and Train- ing (NET) AFDC recipients who were
enrolled in approved education or training programs, unable to participate in JOBS ...

Child care subsidy receipt, employment, and child care choices of single mothers

E Tekin - 2004 - nber.org
... eligible families received a CCDF subsidy in 1998-2000. ... 5 Family day care includes non-relative
care in child's home (eg care by a baby-sitter) or out of ... These 26 mothers are classified here as
subsidy recipients because it is not possible to determine from the data whether ...

The effect of child care costs on the employment and welfare recipiency of single mothers

R Connelly… - Southern Economic Journal, 2003 - JSTOR
... program to increase participation by the eligible population, and by the start of 2000, the city was
enrolling 50% of the estimated eligible population, an ... Thirteen percent of the welfare recipients
are employed in the labor market, while 73% of the nonrecipients are employed. ...

The impact of child care subsidies on low-income single parents: An examination of child care expenditures and family finances

ND Forry - Journal of family and economic issues, 2009 - Springer
... There was a 65% response rate among eligible parents with non-response resulting from
language barriers (6%), refusal to participate (47%), and ... Table 2 compares subsidy recipients
and non-subsidy recipients from each sample on demographic and child care variables ...

Child care costs as a barrier to employment for single and married mothers

J Kimmel - Review of Economics and Statistics, 1998 - MIT Press
... State's average AFDC grant for family of 3 MEDSTATE State's Medicaid expenditure per recipient
UNEMPL State's ... 9 The price of care used in the empirical analyses is net of the child care tax
credit ... is based on the assumption that the tax credit is received by all who are eligible. ...

Single mothers working at night: standard work, child care subsidies, and implications for welfare reform

E Tekin - 2004 - nber.org
... related activities (such as education, training, and job search) to be eligible for child care subsidies. ...
Similarly, standard work is more common among subsidy recipients than nonrecipients ... differences,
suggesting that many non-working subsidy recipients may be attending ...

Child care subsidies and childhood obesity

CM Herbst… - Review of Economics of the Household, 2011 - Springer
... 11 We focus on single mothers because they constitute about two-thirds of eligible subsidy
recipients (Herbst 2008). ... through an array of child and family services, whereas CCDF child care
subsidies are aimed at facilitating employment.12 Rates of item non-response on ...

[PDF] Child care assistance helps families work: A review of the effects of subsidy receipt on employment

H Matthews - Center for Law and Social Policy: April, 2006 - s242739747.onlinehome.us
... more hours and had higher earnings compared to mothers whose children were in non-subsidized
care. ... Yet only one in seven children who is federally eligible for child care ... Wolf, Douglas A. “Child
Care Subsidies and the Employment of Welfare Recipients.” Demography, 39 (1 ...

Child care and the welfare to work transition

RJ Lemke, AD Witte, M Queralt… - 2000 - nber.org
... Action Agency (anti-poverty agency) or another type of agency such as a public school or non-
profit organization). ... To be Head Start eligible there must be a local Head Start program, it must
be currently in operation (not on winter or ... Each grant recipient (no ...

[HTML] Does work pay? An analysis of the work incentives under TANF

G Acs - 1998 - urban.org
... For example, in Massachusetts, a single mother with two children earning $655 a month would
not be eligible for TANF; however, if she had been receiving TANF ... Thus, the differential treatment
of recipients and applicants may induce low-income non-TANF working ...

[PDF] National Study of Child Care for Low-Income Families State and Community Substudy

AM Collins, JI Layzer, JL Kreader… - Cambridge, MA: Abt …, 2000 - icpsr.umich.edu
... states' decisions include: determining the level of state resources; setting eligibility guidelines
and identifying priorities among eligible populations (including ... is privatized and whether subsidy
programs are to be administered separately for TANF and non-TANF recipients. ...

Child care costs and the employment decision of women: Canadian evidence

G Cleveland, M Gunderson… - Canadian Journal of Economics, 1996 - JSTOR
... or subsidies to potential purchasers of child care, including welfare recipients; child care
allowances for ... For Canada as a whole, federal government expenditures on non-parental child
care in ... Expense Deduction, $310 million was the federal share of child care subsidies to low ...

Child Care Policy Reform and the Employment of Single Mothers*

J Bainbridge, MK Meyers… - Social science quarterly, 2003 - Wiley Online Library
... the child care measure indicates that this relatively modest increase in child care assistance
disproportionately benefited nonworking, welfare-recipient families. ... in difference between the
two groups of single women—affected those eligible for welfare-based ...

Taking Pressure Off Families: ChildCare Subsidies Lessen Mothers' Work‐Hour Problems

JE Press, J Fagan… - Journal of Marriage and …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
... GAO), however, several states, including Pennsylvania, do not serve all eligible applicants;
families that ... ethnicity is measured with dummy variables for non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic
Black ... are very few relevant differences between the control group of nonrecipients and the ...

Impacts of eligibility expansions and provider reimbursement rate increases on child care subsidy take-up rates, welfare use and work

AD Witte… - 2003 - nber.org
... denoted cs and cca, may also be either monetary, denoted cm, or non-monetary ... subsidy program
in RI believe that formal child care providers provided income-eligible families with ... Two activities
were reported for 10% of active AFDC/FIP recipients receiving child care subsidies ...

The impact of child care subsidies on child well-being: Evidence from geographic variation in the distance to social service agencies

CM Herbst… - 2010 - nber.org
... unmarried mothers because this group constitutes approximately two-thirds of eligible
subsidy recipients (Herbst, 2008). ... the household is eligible for and receives them; w
is the mother's hourly wage rate; and Y is non-labor income. It ...

More than a work support?: Issues around integrating child development goals into the child care subsidy system

G Adams… - Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2002 - Elsevier
... providers are generally paid a certain amount to provide services to a certain number of eligible
children. ... the current CCDF rules state that children receiving subsidies should have equal access
to child care that is comparable to the care available to non-subsidized children. ...

[BOOK] The impact of TANF funding on state child care subsidy programs

R Schumacher, MH Greenberg, J Duffy… - 2001 - clasp.org
... category of families receiving child care funded by TANF direct dollars was TANF recipients. ... to
meet other press- ing child care needs, including child care for non-TANF families in ... CCDF rules
were receiving CCDF assistance, and 12% of children potentially eligible under the ...

Pre-School, Day Care, and after-School Care: Who's Minding the Kids?

D Blau… - Handbook of the Economics of Education, 2006 - Elsevier
... Primary child care arrangement. Mother employed, Mother not employed. ... Total number of
arrangements, 1.26, 1.38, 1.44, 1.52, 1.25, 1.24, 1.33. Total hours of care, 25.2, 37.3, 40.4, 42.2,
18.2, 19.6, 22.9. ... White (non-Hispanic), 26.5, 23.7, 23.4, 26.3, 70.0, 12.5, 5.7, 11.7. ...

Impacts of child care subsidies on family and child well-being

F Brooks - Early childhood research quarterly, 2002 - Elsevier
... numbers of families moving from welfare to work, average incomes of ex-recipients have not ... The
research employed a cross-sectional, non-experimental research design ... Two samples were
selected from demographically similar groups of families eligible for child care subsidies ...

The effect of child care costs on the labor force participation and welfare recipiency of single mothers: Implications for welfare reform

R Connelly… - 2001 - research.upjohn.org
... and 3–5, are more likely than nonrecipients to be nonwhite, and are considerably more likely
to ... Gelbach (1998) for a model of the natural experiment of having a child turn eligible for public ...
employed compared to the non-means-tested subsidy but would cost considerably less. ...

The labor supply effects of child care costs and wages in the presence of subsidies and the earned income tax credit

CM Herbst - Review of Economics of the Household, 2010 - Springer
... To be eligible for CCDF funds, families must be engaged in a state ... An important design feature
associated with child care subsidies is the non-linear benefit ... Recipients experience substantial
variation in benefits, determined by states' copayment and reimbursement policies. ...

[BOOK] Child care for low-income families: Summary of two workshops

D Phillips… - 1995 - books.google.com
... care programs, however, most states find that they are far from serving all low-income families
who are eligible for assistance ... conti- nuity (Chapter 3); • Child care and economic self-sufficiency
(Chapter 4); and • The structure and consequences of child care subsidies (Chapter 5 ...

Childcare subsidies, wages, and employment of single mothers

E Tekin - Journal of Human Resources, 2007 - jhr.uwpress.org
... Furthermore, the subsidy recipients and nonrecipients are combined together into a single
alternative for non employed mothers.9 ... 9. The law requires parents to be employed or attending
a job training or educational program to be eligible for a childcare subsidy. ...

Employment barriers among welfare recipients and applicants with chronically ill children

LA Smith, D Romero, PR Wood… - Journal …, 2002 - ajph.aphapublications.org
... The models controlled for race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other)
and ... care, the inadequate supply of child care for current and former TANF recipients has been ...
but many states have been unable to provide these subsidies to all eligible families. ...

[CITATION] Child care experiences of former TANF recipients

AK Wilkins… - 2002 - National Conference of State …

Child care and welfare reform

G Adams… - Welfare reform: The next act, 2002 - books.google.com
... ing low-income parents work—and in meeting the welfare reform goal of helping recipients move
into ... to ensure that all low-income working parents who want and are eligible for a ... low-income
families from getting or keeping subsidies; and • Reaching out to non-welfare families ...

The take up of social benefits

J Currie - 2004 - nber.org
... programs. For example, in their study of current and former welfare recipients, Meyers and ...
b) Do Non-Financial Barriers Screen Out the Right People? ... not have a very precise idea
of who is eligible. For example, in the case of SSI, we need to know ...

More can be less: Child care and welfare reform in the United States

DU Levy… - Child care policy at the crossroads: Gender …, 2002 - books.google.com
... have enough funds to provide child care for all of its low-income, non-TANF families ... In some states,
former recipients are compelled to go back on TANF in order to ... vious" workfare" measures, states
had an" affirmative responsibility" to provide services to all eligible families, and ...

Family and individual predictors of child care use by low-income families in different policy contexts

AC Huston, YE Chang… - Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2002 - Elsevier
... assistance to low-income families that began in 1991, and subsidies to recipients of AFDC ... for
enhanced child care assistance, or to a control group, which was eligible for whatever ... interfered
with their ability to seek and sustain employment and their use of child care subsidies. ...

Child care policy and research: An economist's perspective

PK Robins - The economics of child care, 1991 - books.google.com
... has changed since its 'it has been estimated that 60 percent of all non-tax-related ... 1980 1985
1988 SOURCE: Robins (1990, Table 4). more extensive use by eligible families ... that child care
subsidies can reduce wel- fare costs by facilitating employment among welfare recipients. ...

[HTML] Child care assistance under welfare reform: Early responses by the states

SK Long - 1998 - urban.org
... welfare- related child care was administered by one office and non- welfarerelated child care ...
guaranteeing child care assistance to all families who would be eligible under the ... Before PRWORA,
copayments were not permitted for AFDC recipients receiving child care assistance ...

Welfare reform and child care options for low-income families

B Fuller, SL Kagan, GL Caspary… - The Future of Children, 2002 - JSTOR
... Less than one-quarter of all eligible families ... For exam- ple, among welfare recipients in Los
Angeles with chil- dren ages 2 to 4, 27% selected center-based care in 1999; 51% relied on
informal care, and the remaining 22% used a family child care home.21 In contrast ...

Universal childcare, maternal labor supply, and family well-being

M Baker, J Gruber… - 2005 - nber.org
... 5 Page 7. use of relative and non relative care, but the prices of other types of care have negligible
cross ... typically report modest increases in labor supply among welfare recipients. ... on labor supply
of having one's child eligible earlier for kindergarten, with an implied elasticity ...

Welfare recipients' job skills and employment prospects

GT Burtless - The Future of Children, 1997 - JSTOR
... Forces Qualification Test, which is used to determine which appli- cants are eligible to enlist ... year
without jobs as a result of involuntary unemployment, illness, or difficulty in arranging child care. ...
close examination of the jobs held by current and former welfare recipients makes it ...

Is subsidized employment cost effective for welfare recipients? Experimental evidence from seven state demonstrations

SH Bell… - Journal of Human Resources, 1994 - JSTOR
... In total, 9,520 of the AFDC recipients who applied to the demonstrations were determined eligible
to participate2 and divided at ... for the past several decades has pitted those who focus on improving
the economic position of welfare recipients against those ... Black, non-Hispanic ...

[PDF] Child-care vouchers and cash payments

D Besharov… - Vouchers and the provision of public …, 2000 - welfareacademy.org
... sylvania, welfare families receive checks for all types of child care, but non- welfare income ... In
addition, regardless of training, relatives are not eligible to receive the higher reimbursement
rates ... anteed child-care subsidy with a requirement for all able-bodied recipients to work or ...

Can child care assistance in welfare and employment programs support the employment of low‐income families?

LA Gennetian, DA Crosby… - Journal of Policy …, 2004 - Wiley Online Library
... Because they make non-parental care more affordable, child care subsidies play an essential ...
to the public assistance system and thus access to welfare or income-eligible child care assistance. ...
that allowed welfare recipients to keep a proportion of their welfare benefits as their ...

[HTML] Child care expenses of America's families

L Giannarelli - 2000 - urban.org
... Fund—serves only 10 percent to 15 percent of the children who are eligible for those ... Assistance
for Needy Families (TANF) caseload and 61.4 percent of former TANF recipients according to ...
In the absence of child care subsidies, we would see an even higher percentage of low ...

A dynamic analysis of the effect of child care costs on the work decisions of low-income mothers with infants

CL Baum - Demography, 2002 - Springer
... model to examine the work decisions of low-income mothers (both welfare recipients and those ...
results for low-income mothers to the results from a sample of non-low-income ... be most affected
by welfare reform and determine the benefits of child care subsidies more accurately ...

[HTML] Who Returns to Welfare?

PJ Loprest - 2002 - urban.org
... Welfare offices can play a greater role in helping eligible families access and retain these benefits. ...
4. All of these studies define a welfare exiter as a former recipient who has been ... may be used
and copies made for research, academic, policy or other non-commercial purposes. ...

[PDF] Recent welfare reform research findings: Implications for TANF reauthorization and state TANF policies

S Fremstad - Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy …, 2004 - cbpp.org
... This reflects the impact both of the economy and outreach efforts designed to enroll children
eligible in these programs (Kenney, Haley, and ... The median income of non-participants was only
$3,380 compared to $8,583 for participants. ... A study of TANF recipients in Michigan ...

Pied piper politics and the child-care debate

SH Woolsey - Daedalus, 1977 - JSTOR
... work force; (2) that day-care centers are themselves good places to employ welfare recipients,
and thus ... Relatives, in child's or relative's home Non-relative in child's home Non-relative in other
home ... 2. The out-of-pocket costs to parents are one part of the total cost of child care. ...

[BOOK] The child care problem: An economic analysis

DM Blau - 2001 - books.google.com
... And it is estimated that only 15 percent of children eligible for a subsidy under the /
9 Page 24. ... I devote an entire chapter to economic models of child care because
such models may be unfamiliar to non-economist readers. ...

How welfare reform is affecting women's work

M Corcoran, SK Danziger, A Kalil… - Annual Review of …, 2000 - JSTOR
... conflicts in providing a safety net that can meet needs without attracting the non-needy. ... ex- pected
disposable income would be $14,523 and her children would be eligible for federally ... In one study,
former recipients were significantly more likely to report falling behind in house ...

The financing of child care: Current and emerging trends

L Stoney… - The Future of Children, 1996 - JSTOR
... Eligible providers are public and private nonprofits and, in some circumstances, for-profit
providers.16 In FY 1995, federal funding for the CACFP reached $1.6 billion ... Federal Child Care
Funding Streams: Federal FY 1995 ... Stream or Capped Federal Share Non-Federal Share ...

Employment and childcare choices in Canada and the United States

C Michalopoulos… - Canadian Journal of …, 2000 - Wiley Online Library
... the mother worked, if the husband earned $50,000 per year, if the family had one child under
age ... In contrast, because a Canadian mother can claim a larger amount of non-taxable earnings,
the low ... have to work 1,000 hours before having to pay taxes and hence be eligible for a ...

[HTML] Job prospects for welfare recipients: Employers speak out

M Regenstein - 1998 - urban.org
... that new entry-level employees must wait one year or more to be eligible to receive ... Average wage
rates are low, benefits are limited or non existent, and jobs are often inaccessible by ... If states want
to see their welfare recipients move out of poverty, they must provide adequate ...

Does it pay to move from welfare to work?

S Danziger, CM Heflin, ME Corcoran… - Journal of Policy …, 2002 - Wiley Online Library
... who were employed reported more medical needs than those in non- working households. ... Eligible
respon- dents resided in this county, received cash assistance from Temporary Assistance to ...
and the average amount of child support received by nonrecipients was significantly ...

Federal financing of child care: Alternative approaches and economic implications

PK Robins - Population Research and Policy Review, 1990 - Springer
... a significant child care component, essentially guaranteeing child care services to welfare
recipients who obtain ... This expansion was the result of liberalized provisions and increased use
by eligible families ... 1978; Table 10) estimated that in 1977, 60 percent of all non-tax related ...

[PDF] Child care fee subsidies in Canada

J Beach… - … : Childcare Resource and Research …, 2005 - childcarecanada.org
... full funding of a service if a survey showing that 90% of recipients had income ... however, the
program was open-ended, cost-sharing was available on all eligible provincial expenditures ... spend
federal dollars (services had to be regulated and only public and non-profit services ...

Choice and accommodation in parental child care decisions

MK Meyers… - Community Development, 2006 - Taylor & Francis
... when discussing their child care decisions: economic necessity and opportunity, on the one hand,
and the primacy or "non substitutability" of ... A substantial share of potentially eligible parents remain
unaware of, or misunderstand, the rules for child care programs, particularly ...

Who uses child care subsidies? Comparing recipients to eligible non-recipients on family background characteristics and child care preferences

AD Johnson, A Martin… - Children and Youth Services …, 2011 - Elsevier
The federally funded, state-administered child care subsidy program provides subsidies to
low-income families. Despite being among the government's most significant investments in
early care and education, recent national estimates suggest that fewer than 30% of ...

[PDF] Patterns and growth of child care voucher use by families connected to cash assistance in Illinois and Maryland

J Piecyk, A Collins… - New York: National Center for Children …, 1999 - nccp.org
... Policymakers and child care administrators grapple with questions of who should be eligible
for subsidies, how much families should be required to contribute financially, and what level of
payment is ad- equate ... Current TANF recipients use child care subsidies while partici ...

Welfare reform and women's health: review of the literature and implications for state policy

P O'Campo… - Journal of Public Health Policy, 1998 - JSTOR
... States; - there is no longer a guarantee of cash assistance to all eligible individuals; - recipients ...
First, rates of domestic violence are higher among poor compared to non-poor women. ... that the
new reforms that aggres- sively pursue child support for AFDC recipients may place ...

Cash versus child care services in Finland

J Sipilä… - Social Policy & Administration, 1998 - Wiley Online Library
... for the time being no one else has a system to pay out benefits on grounds of non-use of ... Almost
one in three allowance recipients in 1990 were eligible for these supplements in addition to the ...
Year In day care centres In family day care Recipients of child home care allowance ...

[BOOK] The demand for child care and child care costs: should we ignore families with non-working mothers?

VJ Hotz, MR Kilburn… - 1991 - harrisschool.uchicago.edu
... policy-is to increase the level of support for child care for AFDC recipients who participate ... care,
and CCPrice, which gives the average cost per hour (per child) of non-parental child care. ... use
Title XX funds to reimburse child care providers for the ;are cf eligible children (typically ...

Work, income, and material hardship after welfare reform

S Danziger, M Corcoran… - Journal of Consumer …, 2000 - Wiley Online Library
... Combining sanctioned and non-sanctioned welfare leavers, point-in-time employment rates range
from 51 to 69 ... In one study, former recipients were significantly more likely to report falling behind
in ... Food Stamps and Medicaid even though they continue to be eligible (Primus et ...

The impact of child care subsidy use on child care quality

RM Ryan, A Johnson, E Rigby… - Early childhood research …, 2011 - Elsevier
... eligible parents into subsidy use. Not all eligible families apply for or receive subsidies;
thus, subsidy recipients may differ from non-recipients in ways that could bias the
association between subsidy receipt and child care choices. ...

[BOOK] Child care quality: does it matter and does it need to be improved?

D Vandell, B Wolfe… - 2000 - gse.uci.edu
... 1999 only about 1.5 million of the 14.7 million low-income children estimated to be eligible for
subsidies ... http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/CEA/html/childcare.html#econ ... signs of positive
regard ) and 7 negative events (eg, child cries; child aimless; caregivers in non-child ...

Employment and child-care choices of single-parent families in Canada and the United States

C Michalopoulos… - Journal of population Economics, 2002 - Springer
... federal welfare reform legislation passed during the 1990s was designed to encourage welfare
recipients, most of ... income tax code, al- though the subsidy in the United States is a non-refundable
credit ... mode k for mother i, Wij is the welfare benefit she would be eligible for if she ...

Work, welfare, and single mothers' economic survival strategies

K Edin… - American Sociological Review, 1997 - JSTOR
... TOTAL EXPENSES $876 $1,243 Housing $213 $341 Food $262 $249 Total Other Essential
Items $336 $569 Childcare 7 66 Medical 18 56 Clothing 69 95 Transportation 62 ... 14 Fourteen
percent of our recipients received some income through the Child Support Enforce ...

[HTML] Parents' perspectives on child care subsidies and moving from welfare to work

K Snyder - 2006 - urban.org
... they were on TANF—a perception with some basis in fact, because some sites had waiting lists
for non-TANF recipients needing subsidies. ... expressed frustration with what they perceived as
limited information about the child care services they might be eligible for and/or ...

Child care choices by Italian households

D Del Boca, M Locatelli… - 2004 - papers.ssrn.com
... Public child care services tend to be less expensive than private child care (lower income families
receive large subsidies) and are widely recognized as being of high quality. ... Y i ≤ Y =⇒ eligible
Yi > Y =⇒ non eligible If Yi ≤ Y the household chooses public child care if Vp º Vm ...

Child care in the United States today

SL Hofferth - The Future of Children, 1996 - JSTOR
... to five years of age who had not yet enrolled in school---13 million children-participated in a non- ...
childhood program for low-income children and their families.5s The latter is free to eligible
families and ... Family Income Child care arrangements are also affected by family income. ...

[BOOK] Child care: Canada can't work without it

…, University of Toronto. Childcare Resource and … - 1995 - childcarecanada.org
... start-up capital because it is extremely hard for parent groups and other non-profit organizations ...
children under age 14, an additional $15 a day for the third eligible child, and an ... There is no
requirement that Allowance recipients use regulated services, or even that the funds be ...

A brief history of federal financing for child care in the United States

AJ Cohen - The Future of Children, 1996 - JSTOR
... and their children have experienced non- parental, out-of-home child care. ... concern about the
price tag of a Head Start that would serve all eligible children. ... This legislation required that many
welfare recipients, including most mothers with preschool children, participate in edu ...

Child care utilization by disadvantaged teenage mothers

EE Kisker… - Journal of Social Issues, 1991 - Wiley Online Library
... enrollment period, more than 6000 eligible teenage-parent AFDC recipients at the ... or widowed
Race/ethnicity % White, non-Hispanic % Black, non-Hispanic % Hispanic ... FSA, the demonstration
programs temporarily deferred participation requirements for eligible teenagers if ...

[BOOK] Means-tested transfer programs in the United States

R Moffitt - 2003 - books.google.com
... of the EITC; major expansions of eligibility in the Medicaid program, primarily to non-AFDC families ...
based and uses vouchers to pay a portion of the rent of eligible low-income ... pro- grams and the
effect of subsidized housing on constraining neighborhood location of recipients. ...

From Welfare Recipient to Childcare Worker: Balancing Work and Family Under TANF

A Hooton - Tex. J. Women & L., 2002 - HeinOnline
... more striking when one compares poverty rates of married and non-married families ... the obstacles
faced by New York, Kentucky, and Mississippi in employing welfare recipients). ... P'ship, Welfare
Reform Task Force, Child Care and Transportation Strategies for Rural Communities ...

[HTML] Recent changes in Florida welfare and work, child care, and child welfare systems

C Botsko - 2001 - urban.org
... Percent non-citizen Immigrant (1998) e, 9.4%, 6.3%. ... Dade orientation lasts a few hours and is
provided to clients who have already been determined to be eligible. ... There are very few
exemptions to the work requirement, and thus most adult recipients must engage in some work ...

Welfare reform and lone mothers' employment in the US'

KS Seefeldt - Lone parents, employment and social policy: cross …, 2001 - books.google.com
... would have lost medical coverage, but by 1997, her children would remain eligible for government ...
The good news is that poverty is much lower for workers than for non-workers. ... For recipients with
the most extensive personal problems as mentioned in the previous section, this ...

[BOOK] The relationship between metropolitan and non-metropolitan locations, changing welfare policies, and the employment of single mothers

SM McKernan… - 2001 - urban.org
... eligibility levels are low, families are no longer eligible for TANF once employed. ... the jobs obtained
by welfare recipients did not provide health insurance or other benefits. The information reported
was consistent with the predominance, in non-metro areas, of small employers ...

The dynamics of child care subsidy use by rural families in Oregon

EE Davis… - American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2001 - JSTOR
... Parents may be more likely to have part-time jobs or work non- standard hours in ... In addition, rural
policy makers have expressed concern about the ability of welfare recipients in rural ... family child
care provider wants to be reimbursed for care of subsidy- eligible children, they ...

The policy implications of welfare reform for older caregivers, kinship care, and family configuration

JD Berrick, B Needell… - Children and Youth Services Review, 1999 - Elsevier
... allows exemptions from the work requirements and the time limits for certain groups of recipients. ...
eligible children placed in nonkin care are the same; the sharing ratio for non federally eligible ...
does not pay AFDCFC to kind whose children in their care are not federally eligible. ...

Child Care Subsidies and Employment Behavior Among Very‐Low‐Income Populations in Three States

CKC Ficano, LA Gennetian… - Review of Policy …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
... Access to child care assistance was provided as an entitlement to all eligible recipients regardless
of program status. ... Estimate is for the sample and includes non-earners. ... appears to decrease the
transition time to substantial employment among those welfare recipients who are ...

Welfare Reform and Child Care: A Proposal for State Legislation

C Huntington - Cornell JL and Pub. Pol'y., 1996 - HeinOnline
... This law rescinds entitle- ments to welfare payments for eligible families and, instead, makes
block ... work programs, it is likely that states will subsidize child care for welfare recipients at the ...
Without sufficient child care subsidies, the working poor will be faced with a range of bad ...

With a little help: Children in poverty and child care

DA Phillips - Children in poverty: Child development and public …, 1991 - books.google.com
... child under age 5. Similarly, AFDC recipients spend 20% of their income on child care com- pared
to 10% for non-AFDC recipients, and single ... expense-approximately 11% of family income on
av- erage, but as high as 20% to 25% among poor, AFDC-eligible families. ...

[HTML] Recent changes in California welfare and work, child care, and child welfare systems

D Montgomery - 2002 - urban.org
... As welfare programs have shifted dramatically toward requiring recipients to work or engage
in activities leading to work, child care is now a cornerstone of state efforts to support these ...
Although non-CalWORKs families earning 75 percent or below of SMI are eligible for child ...

[BOOK] Welfare-to-Work and Child Care: A Survey of the Ten Big States

M Waller… - 1997 - newdems.com
... the resources to follow the lead provided by Illinois: create a seamless child care system for
entry-level workers and fund it adequately to ensure universal access for all eligible families. ...
Subsidized Employment and Non-Labor-Market Alternatives for Welfare Recipients. ...

Cracks in the seams: Durability of child care in JOBS Welfare-to-Work programs

MK Meyers - Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 1997 - Springer
... additional interviews were completed with 255 of the 356 eligible respondents for ... AFDC (%)
Mandatory participant Voluntary (exempt) participant Self-initiated participant Non- self-initiated ...
larger population by including only single mothers and only English-speaking recipients. ...

Child Care in the Postwelfare Reform Era: Analysis and Strategies for Advocates

JAC Gong, A Bussiere, J Light… - Clearinghouse Rev., 1998 - HeinOnline
... ISSUE BRIEF: CHILD CARE FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS AND DURING THE NON-
TRADITIONAL HOURS ... doubted that they had ade- quate funding to serve all eligible fam- ilies
if ... welfare agencies to make sure that the agencies give applicants and recipients correct child ...

Subsidy for Caretaking in Families from Foster Care

CJ Ross… - Am. UJ Gender Soc. Pol'y & L., 2000 - HeinOnline
... 6 Moreover, New York law specified that a child would only be eligible for aid "if his ... that a custodial
parent relinquish her 3 rights to receive child support from the non- custodial parent ... to the state.'
Generally, at her initial interview with a caseworker, the potential recipient signs a ...

Caring for paid caregivers: Linking quality child care with improved working conditions

PR Smith - U. Cin. L. Rev., 2004 - HeinOnline
... For a discussion of some of the difficulties that former welfare recipients encounter making ... than
family child care providers,"; and 13 percent are "paid non-relatives other ... care programs and
initiatives, including demand-oriented subsidies that target child care consumers and ...

[PDF] CHILD CARE CRISIS FOR LOW-INCOME WORKING FAMILIES

D Ewen… - Children, 2003 - cdf.childrensdefense.org
... Start programs for all eligible three- and four-year-olds, is in the process of replacing all state
dollars with TANF funds, as well as ... from 11 percent in 1996 to 33 percent in 2000.26 In addition,
states now engage a far larger proportion of non-working recipients in welfare ...

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