- ►endojournals.org L Bartalena, A Pinchera, C Marcocci - Endocrine Reviews, 2000 - Endocrine Soc Graves' ophthalmopathy is an debilitating disease impairing the quality of life of affected
individuals. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, treatment is often
not satisfactory. In mild cases, local therapeutic measures (artificial tears and ointments, ... Cited by 325 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 9 versions
- ►nih.gov [PDF] AP Weetman - The New England journal of medicine, 2000 - nejm.highwire.org Robert Graves first identified the association of goiter, palpitations, and exophthalmos in
1835, although Caleb Parry had published details of a case 10 years earlier. The discovery of
a thyroid-stimulating factor that was not thyrotropin in the serum of patients with Graves' ... Cited by 231 - Related articles - All 16 versions
CA Gorman, JA Garrity, V Fatourechi, RS Bahn, IA … - Ophthalmology, 2001 - Elsevier Presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Ophthalmology Society, Halifax, Nova
Scotia, June 1999, and the annual meeting of the American Thyroid Association, Palm
Beach, Florida, October 1999. ... Although widely used for more than 85 years, the ... Cited by 111 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 12 versions
- ►eje-online.org [PDF] P Vestergaard - European Journal of Endocrinology, 2002 - EFES Background: Smoking has been associated with Graves' disease, but it remains unclear if the
association is present in other thyroid disorders. Outcome variables: Graves' disease,
Graves' ophthalmopathy, toxic nodular goitre, non-toxic goitre, post-partum thyroid ... Cited by 106 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 9 versions
- ►eje-online.org [PDF] MF Prummel, T Strieder, WM Wiersinga - European Journal of Endocrinology, 2004 - EFES Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease
(AITD) and it has been calculated that 80% of the susceptibility to develop Graves' disease is
attributable to genes. The concordance rate for AITD among monozygotic twins is, ... Cited by 93 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 8 versions
WM Wiersinga, L Bartalena - Thyroid, 2002 - liebertonline.com Graves' ophthalmopathy is clinically relevant in approximately 50% of patients with Graves'
disease, severe forms affecting 3%–5% of patients. Two age peaks of incidence are observed
in the fifth and seventh decades of life, with slight differences between women and men. ... Cited by 92 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions
- ►endojournals.org [PDF] GJ Kahaly, HP Rosler, S Pitz, G Hommel - Journal of Clinical …, 2000 - Endocrine Soc ABSTRACT Orbital radiotherapy (Rx) is a commonly used treatment for Graves' ophthalmopathy
(GO), but controlled clinical trials evaluat- ing different Rx doses and application forms have not
been performed. In euthyroid patients with moderately severe GO, we randomly com- ... Cited by 68 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions
WM Wiersinga, MF Prummel - Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North …, 2000 - Elsevier A total of 84 responses (all from experienced physicians) were received from 19 European
countries. General advice (eg, sleep propped up, avoid corneal exposure, stop smoking) was
given by 90% of respondents. Methylcellulose eye drops were prescribed by 76%, ... Cited by 59 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 8 versions
A Eckstein, B Quadbeck, G Mueller, AW … - British Journal of …, 2003 - bjo.bmj.com Results: There was no difference in the clinical manifestations of TAO between smokers and
non-smokers at the beginning of treatment. However, CAS decreased (p<0.05) and motility improved
(p<0.02) significantly faster and to a greater extent in non-smokers than smokers. Inverse ... Cited by 54 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 9 versions
AE Heufelder - Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, 2000 - Springer Ophthalmopathy represents the commonest and most important extrathyroidal manifestation
of Graves' disease. This medically incurable, chronic autoimmune condition usually affects both
orbits and involves all orbital tissue compartments, including extraocular muscle, ... Cited by 54 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 3 versions
