- ►annals.org R Temple, SS Ellenberg - Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000 - Am Coll Physicians In recent years, several authors have argued that placebo-controlled trials are invariably unethical
when known effective therapy is available for the condition being studied, regardless of the condition
or the consequences of deferring treatment. Some have also disputed the value of ... Cited by 396 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 9 versions
- ►annals.org SS Ellenberg, R Temple - Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000 - Am Coll Physicians Placebo controls are commonly used in clinical trials of investigational treatments because they
have important advantages. In recent years, some have criticized the use of placebo-controlled
trials when effective alternative therapy exists, regardless of the expected effect of the ... Cited by 166 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 7 versions
KJ Rothman, KB Michels - The New England journal of medicine, 1994 - nejm.highwire.org The Nuremberg Code, "the cornerstone of modern human experimentation ethics," 2 was formulated
shortly after World War II in response to Nazi atrocities. The World Health Organization adopted
a version of the code in 1964 as the Declaration of Helsinki 3 . The declaration elevates ... Cited by 475 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions
EJ Emanuel, FG Miller - The New England journal of medicine, 2001 - nejm.highwire.org The first placebo-controlled trial was probably conducted in 1931, when sanocrysin was compared
with distilled water for the treatment of tuberculosis. 1 Ever since then, placebo-controlled trials
have been controversial, especially when patients randomly assigned to receive placebo ... Cited by 164 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 16 versions
- ►uwo.ca [PDF] B Freedman, KC Glass, C Weijer - JL Med. & Ethics, 1996 - heinonlinebackup.com Myth I: The real problem is the Helsinki Declaration In their attack on the prevailing use of placebo
controls, Kenneth Rothman and Karin Michelse emphasize that this practice stands in violation
of the World Medical Associa- tion's guidelines on the ethics of human experimentation, ... Cited by 103 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 4 versions
V Hasselblad, DF Kong - Drug Information Journal, 2001 - cat.inist.fr There has been a proliferation of active-control clinical trials comparing experimental therapies
with standard ones(active control). In such cases, one often wants to know how the experimental
therapy would have performed if it had been compared directly to placebo. This ... Cited by 64 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 3 versions
- ►uwo.ca [PDF] B Freedman, C Weijer, KC Glass - JL Med. & Ethics, 1996 - heinonlinebackup.com Myth I: Placebo-controlled trials have proven over the last decades to provide an accurate baseline
measure of a treatment's biological effectiveness One major methodological advance in medical
science since World War II is the introduction of the double-blind, pla- cebo-controlled trial ... Cited by 83 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 4 versions
D Orentlicher - Diabetes care, 2001 - Am Diabetes Assoc Much controversy exists regarding the ethics of placebo-controlled trials in which an experimental
therapy will compete with an already established treatment (or treatments). In such cases, argue
critics, patients in the control arm of the study should receive an accepted therapy rather ... Cited by 4 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions
HMJ Hung, SJ Wang, Y Tsong, J Lawrence, RT O' … - Proceedings of the …, 2001 - amstat.org 1. INTRODUCTION Non-inferiority testing for therapeutic effectiveness in active controlled clinical
trials is often controversial despite the fact that there is considerable practical experience in using
this approach to establish the effectiveness of an experimental therapy. The controversy ... Cited by 73 - Related articles - View as HTML - BL Direct - All 6 versions
- ►bmj.com B Jones, P Jarvis, JA Lewis, AF Ebbutt - British Medical Journal, 1996 - bmj.com The aim of an equivalence trial is to show the therapeutic equivalence of two treatments, usually
a new drug under development and an existing drug for the same disease used as a standard
active comparator. Unfortunately the principles that govern the design, conduct, and ... Cited by 551 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 9 versions
