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Retinal vasculitis (RV) is the most aggressive lesion of ocular manifestations of Behcet's disease, seen in 32.1% of patients. Although visual acuity (VA) improves with early and aggressive treatment, in the long run it is seen in only 48% of patients. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation (MSCT) can theoretically reverse the RV process.

Three patients with advanced RV and very low VA were selected. Eyes selected for MSCT were legally blind (no useful vision) with severe retinal damage due to vasculitis, resistant to combinations of monthly pulse‐cyclophosphamide (1000 mg) + azathioprine 2–3 mg/kg/day + prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day. After patient signed written consent, 30 mL of bone marrow were taken and cultured for MSC growth. After having enough MSCs in culture (4–5 weeks) and taking into consideration all safety measures, cells were injected in one eye of …