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Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem vasculitis with an unknown etiology. During the past years, several reports are published on the occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the absence of HBsAg, in rheumatic diseases.

The current study aimed to, firstly, investigate the prevalence of OBI in patients with BD, and, secondly, its potential association with the clinical and therapeutic status of BD.

HBV serological markers and HBV DNA were evaluated in 220 consecutive BD patients to detect OBI. Demographic and clinical data of OBI positive and negative groups were compared.

The mean age of patients was 39.24 (± 10.57), and 134 (62.9%) were male. The mean disease duration was 14.13 (± 8.63) years. No HBsAg positive case was found, but HBV DNA was found in 19 (8.6%) patients. The median viral load value was 475.84 copy/mL. We compared clinical data of 10 OBI positive and 156 OBI negative BD patients with complete and accessible data. There was no difference between the two groups concerning demographic characteristics (age, sex, and disease duration), different clinical manifestations, or types of medications (immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and corticosteroids).

This is the first study showing a rather high prevalence of OBI among BD patients. We did not find any correlation between OBI positivity and different clinical manifestations, medications, or HLA-B51. Further studies are needed on a larger group of patients and by molecular HBV evaluation (as well as serologic) regarding this possible association.