| Conflict theory and racial profiling: An empirical analysis of police traffic stop data M Petrocelli, AR Piquero, MR Smith Journal of criminal justice 31 (1), 1-11, 2003 | 429 | 2003 |
| Explaining police bias: A theory of social conditioning and illusory correlation MR Smith, GP Alpert Criminal justice and behavior 34 (10), 1262-1283, 2007 | 302 | 2007 |
| Racial profiling? A multivariate analysis of police traffic stop data MR Smith, M Petrocelli Police quarterly 4 (1), 4-27, 2001 | 298 | 2001 |
| Investigating racial profiling by the Miami‐Dade Police Department: A multimethod approach GP Alpert, RG Dunham, MR Smith Criminology & public policy 6 (1), 25-55, 2007 | 218 | 2007 |
| The effect of less-lethal weapons on injuries in police use-of-force events JM MacDonald, RJ Kaminski, MR Smith American journal of public health 99 (12), 2268-2274, 2009 | 208 | 2009 |
| Police officers as warriors or guardians: Empirical reality or intriguing rhetoric? K McLean, SE Wolfe, J Rojek, GP Alpert, MR Smith Justice quarterly 37 (6), 1096-1118, 2020 | 193 | 2020 |
| The impact of conducted energy devices and other types of force and resistance on officer and suspect injuries MR Smith, RJ Kaminski, J Rojek, GP Alpert, J Mathis Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 30 (3 …, 2007 | 124 | 2007 |
| Differential suspicion: Theory specification and gender effects in the traffic stop context MR Smith, M Makarios, GP Alpert Justice Quarterly 23 (02), 271-295, 2006 | 110 | 2006 |
| Randomized controlled trial of social interaction police training K McLean, SE Wolfe, J Rojek, GP Alpert, MR Smith Criminology & Public Policy 19 (3), 805-832, 2020 | 106 | 2020 |
| Toward a better benchmark: Assessing the utility of not-at-fault traffic crash data in racial profiling research GP Alpert, MR Smith, RG Dunham Justice Research and Policy 6 (1), 43-69, 2004 | 106 | 2004 |
| Searching for direction: Courts, social science, and the adjudication of racial profiling claims MR Smith, GP Alpert Justice Quarterly 19 (4), 673-703, 2002 | 101 | 2002 |
| A management tool for evaluating police use of force: An application of the force factor W Terrill, GP Alpert, RG Dunham, MR Smith Police quarterly 6 (2), 150-171, 2003 | 97 | 2003 |
| Race, place, and drug enforcement: Reconsidering the impact of citizen complaints and crime rates on drug arrests RS Engel, MR Smith, FT Cullen Criminology & Pub. Pol'y 11, 603, 2012 | 94 | 2012 |
| A contextual study of racial profiling: Assessing the theoretical rationale for the study of racial profiling at the local level KF Parker, JM MacDonald, GP Alpert, MR Smith, AR Piquero American Behavioral Scientist 47 (7), 943-962, 2004 | 91 | 2004 |
| Police-led crackdowns and cleanups: An evaluation of a crime control initiative in Richmond, Virginia MR Smith Crime & Delinquency 47 (1), 60-83, 2001 | 75 | 2001 |
| A multi-method evaluation of police use of force outcomes: Final report to the National Institute of Justice MR Smith, RJ Kaminski, GP Alpert, LA Fridell, J MacDonald, B Kubu US Department of Justice, 2010 | 70 | 2010 |
| Correctional Agencies Receive Assistance From the Law Enforcement Analysis Facility MJ Smith Megan J. Smith, LEAF technical administrator, coordinates statistical …, 2001 | 65 | 2001 |
| Measuring disparities in police activities: A state of the art review MR Smith, JJ Rojek, M Petrocelli, B Withrow Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40 (2 …, 2017 | 58 | 2017 |
| Pepper spray–A safe and reasonable response to suspect verbal resistance MR Smith, GP Alpert Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 23 (2 …, 2000 | 58 | 2000 |
| Police use-of-force data: Where we are and where we should be going GP Alpert, MR Smith Police Quarterly 2 (1), 57-78, 1999 | 58 | 1999 |
