The past 25 years have seen a dramatic transformation in Europe’s former communist
countries, resulting in their reintegration with the global economy, and, in most cases, major …

The Central, Eastern, and South Eastern European (CESEE) region is ripe for a reassessment
of the role of the state in economic activity. The rapid income convergence with Western …

Achieving the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals requires cutting global CO2 emissions
25 to 50 percent this decade, followed by a rapid transition to net zero emissions. The world …

This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments
(BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially matched by rebates for …

An assessment of public infrastructure development in the Western Balkans. The paper
quantifies the large gaps across various sectors/dimensions, evaluates current infrastructure …

This paper provides a general framework to assess the output and debt dynamics of an
economy undertaking multi-year fiscal adjustment. The framework allows country-specific …

The synthesis and characterization of a series of bis(8-quinolinato)aluminum ethyl complexes,
substituted at the 2-, 5-, and 7- positions on the 8-quinolinol ligand, are presented. These …

Fermi surfaces, similar in shape to that proposed for copper by Pippard, have been computed
which fit Shoenberg’s experimental measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in …

Europe’s high pre-existing level of financial development can partly account for the relatively
smaller reach of fintech payment and lending activities compared to some other regions. …

This paper discusses sectoral policies needed to achieve the ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions reduction targets announced in the European Union’s Green Deal, …