… Patrick Gaule acknowledges support from the Swiss science foundation and the
Innovation Policy and the Economy Working Group, National Bureau of Economic Research. …

A better understanding of the determinants of idea/knowledge production remains critical for
long-run growth. Toward this end, this paper establishes two results using data from the …

Cross-sectional studies typically find positive correlations between free availability of scientific
articles (‘open access’) and citations. Using a number of instruments as plausible sources …

We develop a simple theoretical framework for thinking about how geographic frictions, and
in particular travel costs, shape scientists’ collaboration decisions and the types of projects …

Research Summary We investigate how knowledge similarity between two individuals is
systematically related to the likelihood that a serendipitous encounter results in knowledge …

The net welfare benefit of the ‘brain drain’ of skilled workers depends on their propensity to
return to their home countries. Yet, relatively little is known empirically about the return …

Europe is perceived to be lagging behind the US in converting its academic results into
economic outcomes. Using new survey data on European and US technology transfer offices (…

The present document provides the take of innovation economists on the COVID-19 pandemic.
It targets the general public and focuses on questions related to the Science, Technology…

When choices are made from ordered lists, individuals can exhibit biases toward selecting
certain options as a result of the ordering. We examine this phenomenon in the context of …

I study whether patent protection has a causal effect on entrepreneurial firm outcomes using
a measure of patent examiner leniency as an instrument for getting patents. The analysis is …