Chemical markings on the substrate facilitate communication between conspecifics of the
red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and between individuals of the red-backed
and Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon nettingi shenandoah). During two-choice …

In many parts of Africa, people searching for honey are led to bees9 nests by the greater
honeyguide (Indicator indicator Sparrman). The Boran people of Kenya claim that they can
deduce the direction and the distance to the nest as well as their own arrival at the nest from …

Dull plumages prevail among parasitic birds. Parasitic cuckoos are significantly less brightly
marked than are nesting cuckoos. Dull parasitic birds are less readily seen and recognized
by hosts, and dull plumages also appease the hosts by absence of releasers of aggressive …

With the help of field experiments, the nonantagonistic relations and exchange of
information among ants of various species occupying similar ecological niches were
studied. Formica pratensis and F. cunicularia glauca, respectively dominant and …

I begin with the naive question: Where are the enzymes located in relation to the cells that
are attempting to acquire a needed exogenous substrate or element? This question is
important because many scientists speak rather casually about endo-and exoenzymatic …

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is perhaps the most serious threat to pine forests worldwide. The
causative agent of PWD, the pinewood nematode (PWN), engages in a symbiotic
partnership with its insect vector, the Monochamus beetle, as well as associated bacteria …

Some signals vary greatly, whereas others are remarkably similar across distantly related
species. Here, we ask how the suite of receivers and information communicated correlates
with signal evolution by comparing 2 different signals across the same set of species. Within …

Domestic dogs are very successful at following human cues like gazing or pointing to find
hidden food in an object choice task. They solve this kind of situation at their first attempts
and from early stages of their development and perform better than wolves. Most of the …

This article investigates the evolution of interspecific communication within a mutualistic
setting, using the assessment-management approach to communication as a theoretical
framework. The author introduces sequential stages in the evolution of mutualistic …

Abstract and Summary Visual displays from dog to sheep and acoustic signals from
shepherd to dog were analyzed during cooperative herding by human shepherds and
Border collie dogs. Unlike other breeds, Border collies herded livestock by approaching it in …