… This conclusion is reinforced by normalization results that are consistent with longitudinal
geophysical data on hurricane frequency and … in the normalized losses that arise from
assumptions in the normalization schemes themselves. Both normalization methods described in this …

In late October 1998, the remnants of Hurricane Mitch stalled over Honduras and Nicaragua,
killing more than 10,000 people and causing as much as $8.5 billion in damage. While
Central America and the Caribbean have a history of natural disasters, the fatalities and …

… normalized fatalities and fourth in terms of normalized building damage. The public safety
concern is that, of the 10 years with the highest normalized … /26 and 1938/39 seasons, in
terms of the ratio of normalized fatalities to building damage. A feature of the building damage in …

… This paper compares the historical record of La Nina and El Nino events defined by eastern
Pacific sea surface temperature with a dataset of hurricane losses normalized to 1997 values.
A significant relationship is found between the ENSO cycle and US hurricane losses, with …

… occur if these factors are not accounted for in future normalization. We use losses normalized
to year 2005 values to estimate emergence timescales but our results are independent of
values at this year. If we normalize losses to values at any year throughout the synthetic loss …

… Tracks of US top 30 damaging hurricanes after normalization to 1995 dollars for the years (a)
1900–31, (b) 1932–63, (c) 1964–95. Solid … Tracks of US top 30 damaging hurricanes after
normalization to 1995 dollars for the years (a) 1900–31, (b) 1932–63, (c) 1964–95. Solid lines …

… Figure 5 shows the historical losses of Figure 4 normalized to 2005 values. The normalized
record shows that the impacts of Hurricane … We can have some confidence that the
normalized loss record accounts for societal changes because, unlike the unadjusted data, the …

Since the late 1980s, scientists and policy makers have devoted considerable attention and
resources to the issue of global climate change. Domestic and international policies in response
focus primarily on prevention of future climate impacts on society through the mitigation …

… normalized US hurricane losses from 1900 to 2005 and maximum wind speed at landfall
reported by the National Hurricane Center, we find y to be approximately 3.9.On the contrary,
using normalized US … on their contributions to updating normalized US hurricane losses which …

Societal impacts from weather and climate extremes, and trends in those impacts, are a
function of both climate and society. United States losses resulting from weather extremes have
grown steadily with time. Insured property losses have trebled since 1960, but deaths from …