… In a previous examination of these nigral neurons (Handel and Glimcher 1999a), we described
the pattern of firing associated with the … neurons could be divided into two broad categories:
neurons that showed a reduction in firing rate before saccades (pausers) and neurons …

… To ensure that no neurons from the oculomotor nucleus were included in the population
of neurons we sampled, only neurons for which the number of action potentials produced 50–25
ms before the onset of the saccade varied as a systematic function of movement metrics …

… neurons that paused in a nonrandom manner, we therefore defined a neuron as pausing
during an interval if decreases in activity of ≥1.5 SD occurred on >12% of trials (see Handel …
between neuronal firing rate and horizontal and vertical saccade amplitude for all 25 neurons …

… neurons in the SNr are involved in the generation of saccades. Further studies of nigral neurons
during saccades were performed by Handel … SNr neurons: the average neuronal peri-saccadic
firing rate, the steepness of the neuronal tuning function, and the best direction for the …

… (3) To localize single neuron recording electrodes in the cortices of anesthetized animals we
have simultaneously imaged electrodes and … (6) To guide the placement of single neuron
recording electrodes in awake-behaving monkeys along trajectories that minimize vascular …

… profiles of SNr neurons and to use that description to further explore the effects of behavioral
context on the activity of SNr neurons. … descriptions of brainstem saccade-related neurons
with explicit models of how signals carried by those neurons could be combined to generate …

MEMORY-CONTINGENT RESPONSES 1269 bined in the substantia nigra pars reticulata,
which is presumably a final stage of processing in the basal ganglia. In single substantia nigra
cells, however, they are combined or gated in different ways so that the sensory or motor …

… neurons in the frontal eye fields of awake macaque monkeys trained to perform several
oculomotor tasks. Fifty-four percent of neurons … Twenty percent of presaccadic neurons
discharged as briskly before purposive saccades made without a visual target as they did before …

1286 0. HIKOSAKA AND RH WURTZ tia nigra cells were selective for the mode of saccade
initiation (visually contingent or memory contingent; Refs. 18 and 20), whereas superior colliculus
cells were usually nonselective. Correlation of visual responses of substantia nigra cells …

… neurons in the frontal eye fields of awake macaque monkeys and compared their activity with
the saccadic eye movements elicited by microstimulation at the sites of these neurons. …
Presaccadic neurons classified as visuomovement or movement were most associated with low (…