The efficiency of electroluminescent organic light-emitting devices 1, 2 can be improved by
the introduction 3 of a fluorescent dye. Energy transfer from the host to the dye occurs via
excitons, but only the singlet spin states induce fluorescent emission; these represent a …

A DNA-transfection protocol has been developed that makes use of a synthetic cationic lipid,
N-[1-(2, 3-dioleyloxy) propyl]-N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). Small
unilamellar liposomes containing DOTMA interact spontaneously with DNA to form lipid …

Molecular simulation is an extremely useful, but computationally very expensive tool for
studies of chemical and biomolecular systems. Here, we present a new implementation of
our molecular simulation toolkit GROMACS which now both achieves extremely high …

Advancing perovskite solar cell technologies toward their theoretical power conversion
efficiency (PCE) requires delicate control over the carrier dynamics throughout the entire
device. By controlling the formation of the perovskite layer and careful choices of other …

We demonstrate the efficient chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon
nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by water. Water-
stimulated enhanced catalytic activity results in massive growth of superdense and vertically …

Current neural induction protocols for human embryonic stem (hES) cells rely on embryoid
body formation, stromal feeder co-culture or selective survival conditions. Each strategy has
considerable drawbacks, such as poorly defined culture conditions, protracted differentiation …

The inherent flexibility afforded by molecular design has accelerated the development of a
wide variety of organic semiconductors over the past two decades. In particular, great
advances have been made in the development of materials for organic light-emitting diodes …

The two-hybrid system is a powerful technique for detecting protein-protein interactions that
utilizes the well-developed molecular genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
However, the full potential of this technique has not been realized due to limitations imposed …

Clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is limited by the low efficiency
of iPSC derivation and the fact that most protocols modify the genome to effect cellular
reprogramming. Moreover, safe and effective means of directing the fate of patient-specific …

One of the keys to highly efficient phosphorescent emission in organic light-emitting devices
is to confine triplet excitons generated within the emitting layer. We employ “starburst”
perfluorinated phenylenes (C 60 F 42) as a both hole-and exciton-block layer, and a hole …