… terms.7 But in 1994 and 1995 a disillusioned China dra- matically cut back on this trade with
North Korea. If there was a single proximate trigger to the North Korean famine, it was probably
this sudden reduction of food imports. (In response, the North Koreans called the …

… rations, has been the primary mechanism for the distribution of food in North Korea.21 The … any
degree of certainty the magnitude of hardship faced by the North Korean populace … economies
de- scribed by M. Ravallion.23 According to one observer, North Koreans were relying …

… Why, then, did the Irish and the Koreans starve … is a central issue in all famines, and it is critically
important in understanding the North Korean famine as well … They show the role of so-called
socialist entitlements in North Korea, determined by the state (with fairly powerful biases …

… using data on household deaths since 1995 collected in 1998 from 440 adult north Korean
migrants in 15 … rates from the famine during China's Great leap Forward, 1958–62, and north
Korea's child malnutrition surveys) to produce estimates of famine-related deaths …

… Through such circumventions, these farmers were more likely than other North Koreans to survive
the food shortages … to 1981 based TABLE 1 Low estimate of famine-related deaths in North Korea,
based on crude death rates released by the North Korean government for …

… As a result, North Koreans are increasingly crossing borders in search of food and livelihoods from
smuggling, and are thus witnessing … Additionally, the goods that smugglers carry—particularly South
Korea's cast-off VCRs and videotapes of South Korean movies and …

… Anecdotal evidence suggests that North Korean enterprises are exhibit- ing a variety of responses:
some have set up side … official wage increase); some have kept afloat by procuring loans from
the Central Bank (the North Koreans have sent … North Korea as a 'new' famine 211 …

… During the 1990s, 600,000–1 million North Koreans, or about 3–5 percent of the pre-crisis
population, perished in one of the worst … Following missile and nuclear tests in 2006, South Korea
suspended fertilizer shipments; predictably, North Korean grain production fell …

… High mortality and malnutrition among children in North Korea during the famine can also be …
The cultural importance of preserving the bloodline in Korean culture might have meant that … During
the peak of the food shortages in North Korea, daytime funerals of those older than …

… North Koreans do not evince prenatal discrimination against daughters, a finding that may indicate
a … assess the impact on health of the recent famine in North Korea (1995-present … North Korean
authorities recently (and unexpectedly) announced that crude death rates rose from …