… Part II: Evolution of a family of tornadoes along a weak outflow boundary. J. Atmos. …
Samaras, 2004: Comparison of in-situ pressure and DOW Doppler winds in a tornado and RHI
vertical slices through 4 tornadoes during 1996-2004. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local …

… 4 tornado near Manchester, South Dakota, on June 24th, 2003. These autonomous probes
performed in-situ ground-level measurements of the free-field static pressure, temperature, and
relative humidity as the tornado … the results in terms of the dynamic structure of the tornado. …

… Time series of temperature (C), dewpoint (C), and pressure (mb) for the HITPR for a 100-s
period centered on the time the tornado passed … boundary, and the tornado. The bold line
along the time axis identifies the period the tornado was in progress during the sampling period. …

… still somewhat rare, in-situ pressure observations within the core flow regions of tornadoes
(Samaras and Lee, 2004, this volume). Pressure deficits of 40 hPa and 100 hPa were measured
in tornadoes in 2003 and additional observations were obtained in 2004. In one of these …

… tornado cores is difficult due to very high wind velocities, heavy rain, and winddriven debris.
For a pressure probe to remain stationary during a tornado … This is especially important in
wind velocities exceeding 80 meters/second, as has been measured and predicted in tornado …

… This paper is an overview of in-situ measurements attempted within the violent region close
to and inside a tornado. Very few diagnostic … Tim Samaras deployed a Snail near a large
tornado in south-central Kansas. The instrument recorded a strong signal as the tornado passed …

… 1: Radar evolution from 2308:47 UTC – 2339:31 UTC and tornado tracks of the first two
tornados produced by the Bowdle storm. Tornado positions at the radar times are indicated
with red triangles. The mesonet sampling locations (ground relative) during cycles 2 and 3 are …

… probe took a direct hit by the tornado while the mesonet sampling continued. With storm
inflow, close-in RFD and internal tornado observations, we believe the analysis will reveal
characteristics of the flow being ingested into the tornado and possibly identify where that air is …

… And the ones Samaras probed focused on how tornadoes intensify, and at what heights their
winds rev up most dramatically. … A week before they died, Tim Samaras and Carl Young
tracked the birth of a tornado in Kansas. Paul Samaras captured his dad explaining the event on …

… a “Hardened In-Situ Tornado Pressure Recorder” (HITPR) … tornado cores. The measurement
technique will be described in the present paper, as well as actual pressure measurements
of tornado cores, including the 100 millibar pressure drop measured for a violent F-4 tornado …