… The data support the hypothesis that the eyes are the loci of circadian pacemakers in quail
that act, via both neural and hormonal outputs, to preserve the integrity of (self-sustaining or …

… circadian pacemakers, each with an exclusive photic input from one eye, drive the ocular …
in the present study would envisage a light-entrainable circadian pacemaker residing …

… The objectives of the present study were: (1) to examine the pineal, ocular, and blood
melatonin rhythms in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix juponica) under both long and short …

… This suggests that either the rhythms are all driven by one circadian pacemaker or if more …
mus, and the eyes of nonmammalian vertebrates are sites of circadian clocks, at least in some …

… the eyes must act as major components of the quail's circadian … that the eyes play a major
role within the circadian system … circadian pacemakers may reside within the eyes of quail. The …

… The diurnal pattern of melatonin in the pineal bodies, eyes, … study with quail clearly show
that both the pineal and the eyes … rhythm in blood melatonin; the eyes contribute about 33% of …

… system; for example, in the house sparrow pacemakers in the pineal … circadian pacemakers
in both the pineal and eyes play a significant role, and in Japanese quail ocular pacemakers …

… We propose that in the Japanese quail, one functional set of oscillators (ocular pacemakers
along with the subset of central oscillators that they drive) is entrained by the LD cycle, …

… Whether or not the eyes are the loci of circadian pacemakers is an important question. A …
a circadian clock is present in the eye of quail. For example, ONX (which deprives the eyes of …

… Furthermore, we hypothesized that these ocular clocks are pacemakers because eye … If
the eyes are indeed acting as pacemakers, we predicted that the two ocular pacemakers in an …

… eyes themselves may be the site of circadian clocks that act as pacemakers within the quail’s
multioscillator circadian … Removal of these ocular pacemakers, then, would disrupt the rest …

… of eye removal or eye patching on the circadian system of quail … that the eyes are the sites
of circadian pacemakers, … that is, the eyes are merely acting as photoreceptors for pacemakers …

… circadian pacemakers in the eyes of Japanese quail are coupled to the rest of the circadian
… body temperature and activity rhythms of quail were tested to determine whether melatonin …

… We demonstrated that this circadian system was still working in quail after ocular … in linking
pacemakers in the eyes to the rest of the circadian system in female quail (Underwood and …

… We sought to strengthen the hypothesis that the eyes are the loci of circadian pacemakers,
and that melatonin output is involved, by examining melatonin secretion in cultured quail …

… eye with clear silicone to prevent drying (Dow Corning) and inserted a second electrode into
the other eye … synthesis of dopamine is controlled by an endogenous circadian pacemaker. …

… Here, we report Clock and Period homologs in Japanese quail which offer a new step for …
of circadian rhythms in female quail. Underwood et al. have demonstrated that eye patching in …

… of circadian and photoperiodic systems [Underwood and … from both the pineal and the eyes,
the former accounting for … and to entraining effects on circadian pacemaker(s) regulating its …

… as a pacemaker within a multiosciUator circadian system. … eye of the Japanese quail contains
a circadian clock that is capable of driving the OMR, and probably other rhythms in the eye …

… the present study, could have modified a diurnal rhythm of immunity. However, … circadian
rhythms in Japanese quail, such as those of locomotor activity or body temperature (Underwood…