… pineal organ and the eye in the control of circadian locomotor rhythmicity were studied in the
pigeon (… but also the eye (perhaps the retina) is involved in the pigeon's circadian system. …

… the retina in the pigeon, we have studied the role of the eye in lightinduced suppression of …
melatonin release in the pigeon’s eye in order to under stand circadian mechanisms of retinal …

… Arrhythmicity in quails and pigeons can be produced by removal of both the eyes and the …
circadian system of the pigeon that emerges from a comparison between the results of Ebihara …

… These results suggest that melatonin synthesized in the pineal body and the eye contributes
… for the control of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature in the pigeon. …

… ocular circadian rhythms in the pigeon, we measured melatonin and dopamine simultaneously
from the eye … Melatonin produced in the pineal gland and the eye is known to be involved …

… (Ebihara et al., 1984). In the house sparrow, denervation of the pineal does not eliminate
the circadian … and transplantation of the pineal into the anterior chamber of the eye of an at-…

… One reason for so few studies is that avian circadian rhythms … in the pineal and/or the eye
are involved in the circadian … do not affect circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in pigeons (9). …

… by the pineal and other pacemakers in controlling circadian … In the pigeon, in particular,
Ebihara and his coworkers have … In these models, the pineal (and possibly the eyes) act on the …

… the pineal gland and the eye is known to be involved in the control of circadian behavioral
… have suggested that circadian oscillators for melatonin are located in the eye 21, 22. It is …

… of avian circadian rhythms. In the pigeon, the removal of the pineal organ or the eye, where
melatonin is synthesized, has some effects on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and the …

… pineal play the predominant role, in the pigeon circadian pacemakers in both the pineal and
eyes … after removal of the pineal organ (house sparrow, Japanese quail) (Ebihara et al., 1984…

… us to continuously measure pineal melatonin release from an … circadian rhythms are
regulated by a system of multiple oscillatory components consisting of the pineal gland, the eyes …

… In this report, we review the roles of the eyes, pineal … circadian locomotor rhythms and,
therefore, all these organs are necessary to construct the circadian system of the pigeon (Ebihara …

… the pineal and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. To understand avian circadian
… and qPer3 showed robust circadian oscillation in the eye and the pineal gland. All three …

… pineal gland and the eyes appears to be involved in the mechanisms of these interactions in
pigeons (… nin release in the pineal gland of pigeons because melatonin synthesis of chicken …

… both the eyes and pineal as major components of the circadian … pigeon and the Japanese
quail, have the role of the eyes in … affect circadian systems in a variety of vertebrates (Ebihara …

… In the pigeon, only the simultaneous elimination of the pineal gland and the eyes eliminates
… at least the hypothalamic circadian oscillator and the pineal gland exert mainly enhancing e¡…

… organization it is essential to explore photic inputs to the circadian system. … eyes in the
photic regulation of pineal melatonin release and its rhythmicity in the pigeon because the pineal …

… Three recent publications from Ebihara’s laboratory have … the eyes and the pineal gland
contribute to sustaining circadian … pigeon, Columba livia: The role of the pineal organ and the …

… photic input pathway to the circadian pacemaker in the chicken pineal gland, we previously
… chicken pineal cDNA library [19]. The pineal opsin, which we named ‘pinopsin’ after pineal …