Background. Behavioural brain reserve is a property of the central nervous system related to
sustained and complex mental activity which can lead to differential expression of brain
injury. Behavioural brain reserve has been assessed using autobiographical data such as …

Background: The concept of vascular dementia (VaD) is currently in a state of evolution.
Memory impairment is emphasized as a primary criterion, reflecting the influence of AD on
the concept of dementia. We have systematically reviewed whether the nature of …

There is increasing evidence that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in individuals with
unimpaired performance on cognitive tests may represent the first symptomatic
manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The research on SCD in early AD, however, is …

Objective: To characterize the neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment
(VCI) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: The authors examined 170 patients with
stroke or TIA at 3 to 6 months after the vascular event, and 96 age-matched healthy controls …

Arteriovenous malformations of the dura are thought to be congenital. However,
arteriographic investigations of four patients who, after a head injury, developed dural
arteriovenous fistulae with features of congenital malformations suggest that these abnormal …

Objective: To examine whether patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have subtle
neuropsychological deficits that manifest clinically as cognitive and functional compromise,
and this study attempted to determine the pattern of such cognitive deficits and their …

Although the use of weak electrical currents to stimulate the brain has been described for centuries
in the history of medicine, it has been reintroduced with higher intensity currents since 2000 as
'transcranial direct current stimulation' (tDCS).1 It involves passing a weak, depolarising current …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) was proposed as an umbrella term to include subjects
affected with any degree of cognitive impairment resulting from cerebrovascular disease
(CVD), ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to vascular dementia. VCI may or may …

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) for treating resistant major depression were examined in a double-blind,
controlled study. METHOD: Eighteen medication-resistant depressed subjects were …

Background: Carefully designed controlled studies are essential in further evaluating the
therapeutic efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in psychiatric disorders. A
major methodological concern is the design of the “sham” control for TMS. An ideal sham …