Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was formed~ 7500 years ago by hybridization between B.
rapa and B. oleracea, followed by chromosome doubling, a process known as
allopolyploidy. Together with more ancient polyploidizations, this conferred an aggregate …

Many organisms adapted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that
improve their tolerance to freezing. Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins
interact with ice surfaces, depress the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions, and inhibit …

We have discovered an antifreeze protein 1 in an overwintering perennial ryegrass, Lolium
perenne. The protein is stable at 100 C and although it is a less effective antifreeze than
proteins found in antarctic fish and insects, it is better at preventing ice recrystallization. This …

In mammals, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates both acetyl-CoA
carboxylase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in vitro and has been proposed
to play a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in vivo. We report here the primary …

Galactomannan biosynthesis in vitro is catalysed by membrane preparations from
developing fenugreek seed endosperms. Two enzymes interact: a GDP‐mannose
dependent (1→ 4)‐β‐d‐mannan synthase and a UDP‐galactose dependent (1→ 6)‐α‐d …

The major isoform of starch synthase from the soluble fraction of developing potato tubers
has been purified and used to prepare an antibody and isolate a cDNA. The protein is 140
kD, and it is distinctly different in predicted primary amino acid sequence from other isoforms …

Full length cDNAs encoding a second starch branching enzyme (SBE A) isoform have been
isolated from potato tubers. The predicted protein has a molecular mass of 101 kDa
including a transit peptide of 48 amino acids. Multiple forms of the SBE A gene exist which …

An isoform of starch synthase from potato tubers which is present both in the stroma of the
plastid and tightly bound to starch granules has been identified biochemically and a cDNA
has been isolated. The protein encoded by the cDNA is 79.9 kDa and has a putative transit …

Developing wild‐type pea embryos contain two major isoforms of starch synthase and two
isoforms of starch‐branching enzyme. One of the starch synthases and both starch‐
branching enzymes occur both in the soluble fraction and tightly bound to starch granules …

A novel xyloglucan‐specific endo‐(1→ 4)‐β‐D‐glucanase, involved in the post‐germinative
mobilization of xyloglucan storage reserves, has previously been isolated from nasturtium
(Tropaeolum majus L.) seed. Its mode of action has been shown, in vitro, to be one of …