… Further, because play bouts between any two elephants, regardless of the herd demographics,
can be quantified using this equation, the IPI becomes a measure by which dyadic …

… might be used as a mechanism to cope with weaning stress (eg, Donaldson, Newberry,
Špinka, & Cloutier, 2002), but there was no clear correspondence between play and our …

… between elephants and farmers using deterrents such as electrical fencing, trip-alarm
techniques and elephant … We played warning calls to three elephant herds while they visited the …

… It was however possible to briefly explore whether group size and composition influenced
elephant calf play behaviours. Finally, we examined the relationships between play, suckling …

… that fire plays an … play a larger role in tree mortality, as hotter fires are more likely to kill trees
than frequent cooler fires. In some landscape types, the interaction between recent elephant …

… to revealing the secrets of the holy grail of AI, namely general purpose human level intelligence
equivalence, there are a number of critical comparisons that can be made between the …

… and the types of interactions between calves of different ages … on individually recognized
elephants with known lineages and … may have played a role in the evolution of elephant family …

… conciliatory tendencies, and is likely to play a key role in coordinating social … of ATE elephant
data collection, totalling approximately 480 months of daily elephant observations between …

… Rolling in soil or mud (but not as part of playing with another individual) Sex Courting or
being courted/mounting another elephant or being mounted by another elephant of either sex …

… that play between animals is constantly negotiated, noting: “Four basic aspects of fair
play in … We will investigate whether an elephant would choose to play if the rewards were …