Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses

TB Hayes, A Collins, M Lee… - Proceedings of the …, 2002 - National Acad Sciences
Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the US and probably the world. It can be
present at several parts per million in agricultural runoff and can reach 40 parts per billion
(ppb) in precipitation. We examined the effects of atrazine on sexual development in African …

Atrazine-induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): laboratory and field evidence.

T Hayes, K Haston, M Tsui, A Hoang… - Environmental …, 2003 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the United States and probably the world.
Atrazine contamination is widespread and can be present in excess of 1.0 ppb even in
precipitation and in areas where it is not used. In the current study, we showed that atrazine …

There is no denying this: defusing the confusion about atrazine

TB Hayes - Bioscience, 2004 - academic.oup.com
Recent studies from my laboratory, showing the chemical castration (demasculinization) and
feminization of amphibians by low but ecologically relevant concentrations of atrazine in the
laboratory and in the wild, prompted a critical response from atrazine's manufacturer …

Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

TB Hayes, V Khoury, A Narayan… - Proceedings of the …, 2010 - National Acad Sciences
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly applied pesticides in the world. As a
result, atrazine is the most commonly detected pesticide contaminant of ground, surface, and
drinking water. Atrazine is also a potent endocrine disruptor that is active at low, ecologically …

Demasculinization and feminization of male gonads by atrazine: consistent effects across vertebrate classes

TB Hayes, LL Anderson, VR Beasley… - The Journal of steroid …, 2011 - Elsevier
Atrazine is the most commonly detected pesticide contaminant of ground water, surface
water, and precipitation. Atrazine is also an endocrine disruptor that, among other effects,
alters male reproductive tissues when animals are exposed during development. Here, we …

Atrazine-induced aromatase expression is SF-1 dependent: implications for endocrine disruption in wildlife and reproductive cancers in humans

…, T Komatsu, KI Morohashi, TB Hayes… - Environmental …, 2007 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Background Atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor that increases aromatase expression in
some human cancer cell lines. The mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase
and subsequent elevation of cAMP. Methods We compared steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) …

Characterization of Atrazine-Induced Gonadal Malformations in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Comparisons with Effects of an Androgen Antagonist …

TB Hayes, AA Stuart, M Mendoza… - Environmental …, 2006 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor that both chemically castrates and feminizes male
amphibians. It depletes androgens in adult frogs and reduces androgen-dependent growth
of the larynx in developing male larvae. It also disrupts normal gonadal development and …

Feminization of male frogs in the wild

T Hayes, K Haston, M Tsui, A Hoang, C Haeffele… - Nature, 2002 - nature.com
Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the United States and probably in the world
1. Here we investigate the effects of exposure to water-borne atrazine contamination on wild
leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in different regions of the United States and find that 10–92 …

Herbicide atrazine activates SF-1 by direct affinity and concomitant co-activators recruitments to induce aromatase expression via promoter II

…, S Gondo, T Okabe, M Nomura, TB Hayes… - Biochemical and …, 2007 - Elsevier
The popular herbicide atrazine is an endocrine disruptor that demasculinizes and feminizes
several species of animals, and co-relates with breast and reproductive disorders in
mammalians. We recently reported that atrazine induces human aromatase gene …

Atrazine has been used safely for 50 years?

TB Hayes - Wildlife Ecotoxicology, 2011 - Springer
The herbicide atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor, active in fish and amphibians in the
low ppb range. Among other effects, atrazine impairs reproductive development and function
including decreased testosterone levels, impaired testicular development, and low …