We gathered hyperspectral images of natural, foliage-dominated scenes and converted
them to human cone quantal catches to characterize the second-order redundancy present
within the retinal photoreceptor array under natural conditions. The data are expressed most …

Poison frogs in the anuran family Dendrobatidae use bright colors on their bodies to
advertise toxicity. The species Dendrobates pumilio Schmidt 1858, the strawberry poison
frog, shows extreme polymorphism in color and pattern in Panama. It is known that females …

Ultraviolet‐A radiation (320–400 nm) is scattered rapidly in water. Despite this fact, UV is
present in biologically useful amounts to at least 100 m deep in clear aquatic environments.
Discovery of UV visual pigments with peak absorption at around 360 nm in teleost cone …

STOMATOPOD crustaceans, commonly named mantis shrimps, have compound eyes of
unique design. A central band composed of six parallel rows of ommatidia separates two
peripheral ommatidial groups, and all three regions view the same area of visual space 1–3 …

Larvae of estuarine organisms continually face possible export from the parent estuary.
Retention of larvae of the estuarine crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii was investigated in the
upper Newport River estuary, North Carolina. All of the developmental stages occurred in …

Visual pigments, the molecules in photoreceptors that initiate the process of vision, are
inherently dichroic, differentially absorbing light according to its axis of polarization. Many
animals have taken advantage of this property to build receptor systems capable of …

Visual ecology is the study of how animals use visual systems to meet their ecological
needs, how these systems have evolved, and how they are specialized for particular visual
tasks. Visual Ecology provides the first up-to-date synthesis of the field to appear in more …

Recently, melanopsin has emerged as the leading candidate for the elusive photopigment of
the mammalian circadian system. This novel opsin-like protein is expressed in retinal
ganglion cells that form the retinohypothalamic tract, a neuronal connection between the …

Opsin proteins are essential molecules in mediating the ability of animals to detect and use
light for diverse biological functions. Therefore, understanding the evolutionary history of
opsins is key to understanding the evolution of light detection and photoreception in …

Field-caught larvae of the estuarine crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii have a tidal rhythm of
vertical migration when maintained in constant conditions. Laboratory-reared larvae do not
show this rhythm. Endogenous tidal vertical migrations aid the retention of these planktonic …