FreeZe-drying, also termed “lyophiliZation”, is a drying process employed to convert
solutions of materials into solids. A typical freeZe-dryer comprises a “drying chamber”
containing temperature controlled shelves Which is con nected to a “condenser chamber”. A
large valve is disposed between the drying chamber and the condenser chamber. The
condenser chamber houses a series of plates or coils capable of being maintained at very
loW temperature (ie, less than—50 C.). One or more vacuum pumps are con nected in series …