Major depression and activation of the inflammatory response system
M Maes - Cytokines, stress, and depression, 1999 - Springer
Cytokines, stress, and depression, 1999•Springer
Contemporary models of major depression emphasize the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and of dysfunctions in the turnover of serotonin (5-HT) or
catecholamines in the etiopathogenesis of major depression. Contemporary models of
major depression do not incorporate the effects of the inflammatory response system (IRS),
even though the IRS powerfully influences HPA-axis activity, 5-HT and catecholaminergic
turnover and even though activation of the IRS may induce depression-like behavior in …
adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and of dysfunctions in the turnover of serotonin (5-HT) or
catecholamines in the etiopathogenesis of major depression. Contemporary models of
major depression do not incorporate the effects of the inflammatory response system (IRS),
even though the IRS powerfully influences HPA-axis activity, 5-HT and catecholaminergic
turnover and even though activation of the IRS may induce depression-like behavior in …
Abstract
Contemporary models of major depression emphasize the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and of dysfunctions in the turnover of serotonin (5-HT) or catecholamines in the etiopathogenesis of major depression. Contemporary models of major depression do not incorporate the effects of the inflammatory response system (IRS), even though the IRS powerfully influences HPA-axis activity, 5-HT and catecholaminergic turnover and even though activation of the IRS may induce depression-like behavior in animals and humans. There is now evidence that major depression is accompanied by a moderate activation of the IRS (reviews: Maes, 1993; 1995; 1997; Maes, Smith, & Scharpe, 1995c; Holden, Pakula, & Mooney, 1997; Maes & Smith, 1997; Connor & Leonard, 1998; Maier & Watkins, 1998). In this paper we propose a concise IRS model of major depression.
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