The focus of this paper is port drayage, which involves the transport of containers between a port terminal and an inland point by truck. The paper has two purposes. The first is to identify inefficiencies in port drayage and quantify their economic and environmental impacts. The uniqueness of this study is its use of verifiable data provided by terminal operators and drayage companies rather than survey data from drayage drivers and limited field-based observations. The second purpose is to discuss the recent major change within the drayage industry to abandon the carrier-provided chassis model that has been in place for more than 50 years. To this end, the emerging trucker-supplied chassis model is analyzed.