Objective Antidoping codes in sport are intended to deter and sanction athletes using
performance-enhancing agents while promoting an even playing field for all competitors.
Although the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) permits anticonvulsants in general,
harmonization of antidoping permits an international sport federation (IF) to prohibit specific
medications within that IF. The anticonvulsants levetiracetam, tiagabine, and lamotrigine
may pose ethical dilemmas and could be considered violations of antidoping codes. Method …