The contraflow operation, defined as the use of one or more lanes of inbound travel for traffic
movement in the outbound direction during an evacuation, is a widely accepted and
adopted strategy for evacuation planning. To reduce the evacuation time of the population
with low personal car ownership, a new contraflow approach, named bus contraflow, is
proposed in this paper. This approach transforms contraflow lanes into exclusive bus lanes
during evacuation. A person-based measure of effectiveness model was developed to …