Roadsides on the urban expressway system were originally designed as parkways requiring intensive management for their upkeep. When the ability to perform those management practices was drastically reduced because of economics, fuel shortages, and other factors, the approach to roadside design had to be totally reevaluated. As a result of that reevaluation, planned-management roadside design, a maintenance-based design approach, was developed. This concept used landscape and turf design based on preplanned management of each portion of the right-of-way. Salt-resistant turf, native grasses, forbs, native trees, and shrubs were extensively used in the implementation of this concept. The goals of planned-management roadside design include reduced construction costs, reduced maintenance efforts, and improved public acceptance.