Defining “fake news” A typology of scholarly definitions
EC Tandoc Jr, ZW Lim, R Ling - Digital journalism, 2018 - Taylor & Francis
This paper is based on a review of how previous studies have defined and operationalized
the term “fake news.” An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news”
between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news
parody, fabrication, manipulation, advertising, and propaganda. These definitions are based
on two dimensions: levels of facticity and deception. Such a typology is offered to clarify what
we mean by fake news and to guide future studies.
the term “fake news.” An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news”
between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news
parody, fabrication, manipulation, advertising, and propaganda. These definitions are based
on two dimensions: levels of facticity and deception. Such a typology is offered to clarify what
we mean by fake news and to guide future studies.