Internal frost damage is a major problem affecting the durability of concrete in cold regions.
Micromechanics models and innovative sensor technologies were used to study the
mechanisms of frost damage in concrete. Crystallization pressure resulting from ice
nucleation within capillary pores is the primary cause of internal frost damage of concrete.
Crystallization pressure of a cylinder pore was formulated with interface energy balance with
thermodynamics analysis. Crystallization pressure on the pore wall was input for fracture …

Internal-frost damage is one of the major problems affecting the durability of concrete in cold
regions. This paper presents micromechanics models and innovative sensor technologies to
study the fundamental mechanisms of frost damage in concrete. The crystallization pressure
due to ice nucleation with capillary pores is the primary cause of internal-frost damage of
concrete. The crystallization pressure of a cylinder pore was formulated using interface
energy balance with thermodynamics equations. The obtained crystallization pressure on …