In any organization there is a limit on the amount of resources that can be used for risk reduction. By examining strategies for reducing the risk of fatalities on the East Japan Railway (JR East), a framework in which risk-reduction resources can be used well is described. Basic principles of risk assessment are introduced. Various analyses and models to study collisions, earthquake effects, level-crossing accidents, and operating policies regarding natural hazards are presented. The concept of a global risk assessment of JR East is included. The question of perceived versus objective risk is discussed in the context of safety-related investment.