A framework is presented for analysis of the long-term sustainability of freight trucking in the context of the intermodal freight transportation system. The role of the trucking industry among other transportation modes is described, including an explanation of transportation system sustainability. Topics include the present view of issues surrounding the trucking industry in a sustainable transportation system; views of students, academia, and industry on freight trucking in a sustainable transportation system; and a framework to use in analyzing the role of government and industry in moving toward sustainability. This framework brings into perspective the conditions of transportation system sustainability and freight trucking factors affecting it. The findings are based on data collected through a literature search, a set of focused discussions, and a survey of freight trucking company executives.