Two types of colluvium are present on the Buffalo Creek landscape, an area typical of that part of the Appalachian Plateaus underlain by rocks of the Dunkard Group. Thick deposits of entrenched, diamicton, debris-flow-generated colluvium occur as long fingers in coves (zero-order drainage basins). These deposits range up to 15 m thick but most are 5 to 8 m thick. The deposits are the product of early Wisconsinan slope processes that produced colluvium at at a greater rate than it could be removed by streams. Colluvial fingers are currently well drained because they are deeply dissected by gullies; natural slopes on colluvial fingers are relatively stable. The second type of colluvium is generated as modern slope failures shear bedrock and transport material downslope. Colluvium generated by this process collects up to about 2 m thickness on bedrock benches until failure conditions are reached and the material is transferred to the next lower bedrock-conrolled bench. Colluvium converges on hummocky areas at heads of gullies and is eventually delivered to streams by debris flow or fluvial erosion of failure toes. Different types of modern natural slope failures occur on different surficial geologic units, indicating that surficial geologic setting has a strong influence on failure mechanisms and relative stability of natural slopes.