Reading is the processing of written language. Family resemblance for reading (dis) ability
might be due to transmission of a genetic liability or due to family environment, including
cultural transmission from parents to offspring. Familial-risk studies exploring
neurobehavioral precursors for dyslexia and twin studies can only speak to some of these
issues, but a combined twin-family study can resolve the nature of the transmitted risk. Word-
reading fluency scores of 1100 participants from 431 families (with twins, siblings and their …