Fundamentals for an impact assessment of environment-responsive traffic control are described. This road traffic control should support the need for mobility as well as the need for environmental protection by selecting control measures that consider the current situation of traffic and the environment. For optimal selection of measures, this traffic control must assess the impact of measures quite precisely. A statistical approach with high-quality local data is used to assess the short-term (minutes) and midterm (hours) effects of traffic control measures on pollution levels of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. The approach uses high-resolution input data of traffic and meteorological parameters to consider appropriately the influence of volatile parameters such as traffic flow and traffic volume. A regression model is used to describe measured roadside pollution concentrations and to assess the influence of the different input variables. With the quantified influence of traffic-related input variables, the environmental reduction potential is estimated. Potential investigation areas to improve the developed modeling approach and recommendations for data collection and data processing regarding integrated environment-responsive traffic control are offered.