Abstract Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) refers to efforts to bi-directionally link the electric power
system and the transportation system in ways that can improve the sustainability and
security of both. A transition to V2G could enable vehicles to simultaneously improve the
efficiency (and profitability) of electricity grids, reduce greenhouse gas emissions for
transport, accommodate low-carbon sources of energy, and reap cost savings for owners,
drivers, and other users. To understand the recent state of this field of research, here we …