A wide range of electronic dog training collars (e-collars) is available in the UK, yet there is
no means by which purchasers can meaningfully compare their electrical characteristics at
the point of sale. In this research the electrical characteristics of 13 models of e-collar were
examined and an approach to ranking the strength of the electrical stimuli was developed.
The electrical impedance of dogs' necks was measured so that e-collars could be tested
under realistic conditions. This impedance was found to be about 10kΩ for wet dogs and …