Earlier studies have shown that driving behavior differs strongly in emergency conditions
compared with behavior in normal traffic conditions. In this paper, these findings are
followed up with an investigation of how these differences in driving behavior affect travel
time reliability. In particular, the focus is on the effect of relatively strong heterogeneity in
driving behavior. The microscopic simulation framework S-PARAMICS is adapted
accordingly and applied to the emergency evacuation network of the Dutch city of Almere …