Presented in this paper is an overview of a series of models and algorithms that have been
developed for use with advanced train control systems technology on railroads to improve
the reliability and costs of operations. After the conceptual framework of a hierarchy of
control models is described, examples are used to illustrate the use of the various models at
each level. The railroad industry in the United States is currently undergoing major
restructuring of its technology and man-agement practices. Before the deregulation of the …